The
scriptures referred to are mentioned in the text.
When
a certain someone turned 5 she said that she was now an adult and
could use bad words. I pointed out that since she couldn't legally
drive or vote she wasn't an adult, but she was in denial about those
things. In her mind, she was all grown up. If I wanted to prolong the
argument, I could have pointed out that one mark of maturity is
having a fairly accurate perception of who you are.
There
is no culture that sees anyone whose age can be expressed in single
digits as fully grown. For certain civil rights you have to be at
least 18. While you can get a learner's permit in Florida at age 15, you have to have a licensed driver who is at least 21 in the car with you. At 16 you can get a
restricted license, but to get a full license you must be
18. Yet most car rental companies will not let anyone under 25 rent a
car. And it turns out that is closer to the age neuroscientists say
a person is fully adult, though some of them would put it at age 30. Their
criteria includes having the prefrontal cortex completely hardwired.
The prefrontal cortex is the part of your brain just behind your
forehead and it is where judgment and impulse control reside. Among
other things, it puts the brakes on the emotions, instincts and basic
drives that come out of your limbic system. For most people the
prefrontal cortex doesn't have the reins fully in hand until they are
in their mid- to late-twenties. So while children think of adulthood
in terms of all they can do, scientists realize it is really when
you have the ability to see that just because you can do something,
it doesn't necessarily mean you should.
The
wise have long known this as well. Indeed, without the benefits of
neuroscience, the framers of our Constitution put the minimum age
when you can be elected to the House of Representatives at 25, the
age you can serve in the Senate at 30 and to be President you must be
at least 35...chronologically at any rate. Ironically, this is highlighted in the movie Wild
in the Streets
which came out in 1968. It posited a United States where the voting
age was lowered to 14. Anyone over 30 was put in a “paradise camp”
and kept on LSD. It ends with a child looking at the new 22 year old
President, who is depicted as a jerk, and vowing to put everyone over 8 out of business! Though
marketed to youth, the movie was obviously meant as satire.
Yes, we
all know children who seem older than their age and adults who have
terminally arrested development, like the man-child who is only
entertaining in TV and movies but not in real life. Sometimes tragedy
causes one to grow up fast. Sometimes wealth and lack of consequences
abet the person who perpetually acts like a spoiled child. But most
people agree that “adulting” is all about taking responsibility,
and that requires being able to say “No” to some things you'd
like to do and “Yes” to things you'd rather not.
Maturity
is a recurring theme in the Bible. Paul writes, “Brothers and
sisters, stop thinking like children. In regards to evil be infants,
but in your thinking be adults.” (1 Corinthians 14:20) Children
frequently resort to magical thinking. They think that certain powers like athletic prowess, musical or artistic excellence, or academic
achievement come easily to those with the talent and a belief in
themselves. But in fact they take lots of practice and perseverance.
If you don't do well at something, it doesn't mean you will never do
well at it. If you persist in doing it, and, usually with the help of
a coach or mentor, figure out what you are doing right and what you
are doing wrong, and make improvements in your technique, you will
get better. Even prodigies, who seem to effortlessly do things well
at a young age, often find that maintaining that level of skill as
they get older requires a lot more work than before. The actors
playing superheroes don't have those bodies when they are cast. They go on diets
and have trainers to get that look.
This
Sunday we are talking about the Lenten disciplines of fasting and
self-denial. And they are disciplines, like art, music or athletics.
Practicing these disciplines is like working out in a gym. You don't
do the exercises as an end in themselves but as a means, the way
someone might lift weights not to become a professional weightlifter
but in order to play baseball or football or do gymnastics. Fasting
is not an end in itself but a means to improve spiritually.
Fasting
is a common religious practice. And researchers have found that
fasting does improve alertness and mood and can improve subjective
feelings of well-being. It might even relieve symptoms of depression.
For one thing, it shows that a person does have some self-control in
some areas of their life, making them feel less helpless.
And it is a demonstration of how important praying to God and seeking
his favor is. Thus all religions have days where the whole community
fasts.
A
strict or absolute fast involves not eating any food for a whole 24
hour day, from sunset to sunset, as Jews do on Yom Kippur, the Day of
Atonement. And if it is a multi-day fast, since you can't survive much
longer than 3 days without water, such fasts usually allow one to
drink water for hydration. In contrast, a normal fast lasts from
sunrise to sunset, which is what Muslims do for the whole month of
Ramadan. They neither eat nor drink during daylight hours. A partial
fast, which many Christians do for Lent, is to restrict one's diet
and abstain from certain types of food.
The
connection between giving up food and seeking God is not obvious. It
becomes a little more understandable when you realize that in the
Ancient Near East fasting was usually a reaction to a disaster,
suffering or mourning. When in the grip of such powerful emotions one
often forgets to eat or simply loses one's appetite. Thus a natural
reaction became a custom or rite. And it is also natural to turn to
God at those times. In the aftermath of losing a loved one, or a
community, or one's own well-being, talking to God about it and
dealing with the existential questions it engenders might even be
seen as taking a precedence over eating. If someone told you that
ever since a person started working on some matter, they haven't even
taken the time to eat, that would show you how serious they were.
When David's son by Bathsheba was dying, we are told, “David
pleaded with God for the child. He fasted and spent the nights lying
in sackcloth on the ground. The elders of his household stood beside
him to get him up from the ground, but he refused, and he would not
eat any food with them.” (2 Samuel 12:16-17)
And
that's another reason why people fast: to show God they know how
serious their sin was. When the Israelites respond to Samuel's call
to turn from other gods, it says: “After they had assembled at
Mizpah, they drew water and poured it before the Lord. They fasted on
that day, and they confessed there, 'We have sinned against the
Lord.'” (1 Samuel 7:6) After the Babylonian exile, when Ezra reads
the book of God's law and the people of Jerusalem hear it for the
first time, they fast and confess their sins. (Nehemiah 9:1-2) When
the people of Nineveh hear Jonah preach imminent judgment, they fast.
(Jonah 3:4) As it says in Joel, “'Even now', declares the Lord,
'return to me with all your heart, with fasting and weeping and
mourning.'” (Joel 2:12) After all, you would hardly think a person
was sincere if while apologizing to you he continued shoveling food into his mouth.
The
purpose of a fast should be to get closer to God, not to lose weight
or look especially holy to others. God says to Zechariah, “Ask all
the people and the priests, 'When you fasted and mourned in the fifth
and seventh months for the past seventy years, was it really for me
you fasted?'” (Zechariah 7:5) Jesus said, “When you fast, do not
look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to
show others they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received
their reward in full.” (Matthew 6:16)
In
the Hebrew text about the Day of Atonement, the usual word for “fast”
(tsom)
doesn't appear but instead a word meaning “self-denial” (anah)
is used. (Leviticus 16:31; 23:29; Number 29:7) In fact that word can
also mean “to afflict,” “to weaken,” and “to be humble.”
Thus on Yom Kippur observant Jews also abstain from bathing, from wearing
leather shoes, from anointing oneself with oil or perfumes and from sex. You
are denying yourself even little pleasures and normal things.
Again
such self-denial is not for show but to get closer to God. Money
usually spent on such pleasures could be given to charity or the
church. Time spent on such things is given to prayer or reading the
Bible or other Christian acts. In Zechariah, following up on his
question of whether their fasting was sincere, it says, “This is
what the Lord Almighty said: 'Administer true justice; show mercy and
compassion to one another. Do not oppress the widow or the
fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. Do not plot evil against each
other.'” (Zechariah 7:9-10) And on Yom Kippur, Jews are to do 3
things: pray, repent and give to charity. In fact, in comparing the
Instructions for Lent in the Ash Wednesday liturgies for our two
denominations, I found that the word “self-denial” in the
Episcopal version is replaced with “sacrificial giving and works of
love” in the Lutheran version. We will deal with that next
week but the point is to redirect our attention, energy and talents
towards things of the spirit.
We
live in a time when self-restraint is not much in evidence. We have
an economy driven by an unsustainable, ever-increasing consumption of
goods and services. We have celebrities known for their personal
excesses. We have companies who ravenously run through natural
resources. We have leaders who cannot control their emotions or
words. And all this at a time when the low hanging fruit of problems with
obvious solutions are gone. The problems we face in this century are
complex in nature and are going to require everyone in almost every
field to work together. More than ever, ensuring the survival of
humanity will take cool heads and self-sacrifice on the part of all.
If we can't forgo some small pleasures for 40 days, how can we expect to give up some big pleasures for the common good?
Jesus
said if anyone was to follow him, they must first deny themselves and
then pick up their cross and follow in his steps. The word translated
“deny” can be rendered “disown” or “repudiate.” Giving up
all rights to our own way is not an optional part of following our
Lord but an integral step in being a Christian. Much of the church
has downplayed that part in recent decades. Preachers have tried to
remake the gospel in the image of our consumer culture and called it the "prosperity gospel." We have
recovered the fact that God pronounced all that he had made as very
good in Genesis 1 but we have skipped over the part where in Genesis 6 God
saw how humanity had ruined the earth and filled it with violence.
(Genesis 1:31; 6:11-12) We live in a fallen world. And the reason is
we don't restrain ourselves.
In
Genesis 9, God makes a covenant with Noah, the new representative of
humanity. God says on his part he will never ruin/destroy (it's the
same word in Hebrew) the earth by flood again. Our part in this first-ever covenant is to restrain ourselves from killing one another. And
the reason given is that we are created in the image of God. Since God
promises to restrain himself, we, his children, should also restrain
ourselves. In fact, if you wonder why God does not magically stop
evil, why he doesn't just step in and start kicking butt and taking
names, it is because of that promise. We are all guilty of harming or being complicit in the harm of others, even if not through violence. The strict application of justice would not go well for anyone. By holding back, God is keeping his part of the
bargain. And while he vows never again to destroy/ruin the earth,
that does not mean we will not ruin it on our own and destroy
ourselves.
In
Guns,
Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies,
geographer and historian Jared Diamond posited that the success of
the Eurasian peoples was not due to genetic superiority but to the
fact that the region where they settled offered a wider variety of
plants and animals suitable for domestication. In his book Collapse:
How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, he
examined a number of civilizations and argued that it was not whether
a culture was superior or not that determined its survival but how
it responded to the challenges of changes in environment and
climate and to both their hostile neighbors and to their trading
partners. The biggest problem is that overpopulation tends to
outstrip the carrying capacity of the environment. One of Diamond's
suggestions is that we find “the courage to make painful decisions
about values.” Again Jesus was saying that 2000 years ago. We are
going to have to deny ourselves. To paraphrase J.K. Rowling we need
to choose between doing the easy thing and the right thing.
Hopefully,
you already have chosen what you are giving up for Lent. May I
suggest in addition looking at changing some aspect of your lifestyle
in a way that will be more sustainable for this creation God has
given us? You can choose foods that require less resources to grow
and harvest. You can cut down on plastics, which are choking our
environment and literally choking our sea life. You may have read
about the starved young whale whose body was washed up onshore with 90
pounds of plastic in its stomach. Last year one was found with 80
plastic bags in it. Petroleum products in all forms are destroying
the environment in a kind of revenge of the dinosaurs, from whose
organic remains we get oil, gasoline and plastics. So consider a partial
fast from such things.
All
we have comes ultimately from God, so we are not really giving up
anything that is ours in any permanent way. We are giving back to God
things that he has loaned us and which he expects us to use wisely
and to share. (1 Chronicles 29:14) We are not owners of anything in this
life but stewards. And part of our problem is that we strut around
this planet acting like we own the place. We don't own it anymore
than we own other human beings. We don't even own ourselves. We have
been bought with a price, the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. (1
Corinthians 6:20) We are his but he gives us the freedom to be who we
were meant to be. In this life we are to grow up into an ever better
reflection of the God of love in whose image we were originally made.
And anything we have to give up to achieve that is ephemeral in the
light of eternity and is not worth the weight of the glory he will
bestow upon us. (2 Corinthians 4:17)
As
C.S. Lewis put it, “The principle runs through all life from top to
bottom. Give up your self and you will find your real self. Lose your
life and you will save it. Submit to death, death of your ambitions
and favourite wishes every day and death of your whole body in the
end: submit with every fiber of your being, and you will find eternal
life. Keep nothing back. Nothing that you have not given away will
ever be really yours. Nothing in you that has not died will ever be
raised from the dead. Look for yourself, and you will find in the
long run only hatred, loneliness, despair, rage, ruin and decay. But
look for Christ and you will find Him, and with Him everything else
thrown in.”