Power Failure

The scriptures referred to are Isaiah 9:1-4, 1 Corinthians 1:10-18, and Matthew 4:12-23.

In the distant past, when humans lived in small bands competing for food in various regions, one of the strategies for survival was fighting other groups in defense and to take over their territory. So having a strong man for a leader made sense. The problem was that a strong man was not necessarily a wise man. The ability to fight and conquer a territory was not always accompanied by the ability to rule it well. And so eventually humans came up with laws, rules for how everyone is to behave that ensured peace and cooperation within the group. But when those laws impinged on strong men's ability to do whatever they wanted to, they resisted. A great deal of history is made up of strong men usurping power, trying to consolidate it and fighting others who either attacked them or rebelled to become independent of them. Powerful men never seem to have enough power to satisfy them. Their ruthless drive to gain and retain power inevitably leads to cruelty, causing great suffering for many.

An example of that common scenario lies behind our reading from Isaiah. The Assyrian empire lasted from the 14^th to the 7^th century BC. One of the casualties of its merciless quest for control was the northern kingdom of Israel, which was conquered in 721 BC. Israel had broken away from the southern Davidic kingdom of Judah 200 years before. The Assyrians carried out mass deportations to lessen local resistance, resulting in what have been called “the ten lost tribes of Israel.” They weren't so much lost as dispersed to other Assyrian-controlled territories. Then people from those territories were deported to what used to be Israel. The peoples intermarried, eventually becoming the Samaritans.

Needless to say the poor former Israelites left behind were demoralized. And so Isaiah's prophecy promised hope. The darkness that enveloped them will be pierced by a great light. God promised to break “the yoke of their burden and the bar across their shoulders, the rod of their oppressor...” How? Unfortunately our passage ends before the answer given just a couple of verses later: “For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given and the government will be upon his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” (Isaiah 9:6) In other words, God is promising an ideal Davidic king, the Messiah.

The problem with this is that in a world where “might makes right” people always want another strong man, just one who is on their side, in this case, the Messiah. Bad times lead to such a longing. There's a reason why there was a huge surge of superhero comics during the late 1930s and 40s, when the average person was struggling with the effects of the Great Depression and the rise of Fascism, just preceding the outbreak of World War 2. The cover of the first issue of Captain America showed him punching Hitler. In his first appearance Superman stops a crooked lobbyist corrupting a politician. We love to imagine that a supremely strong person can solve all our problems.

But as Stan Lee, longtime editor of Marvel Comics, said, even superheroes can't solve “the deadliest social ills plaguing the world today.” He continued, “unlike a team of costumed super-villains, they can't be halted with a punch to the snoot, or a zap from a ray-gun.” Lee was talking specifically about bigotry and racism but his point is true of many other problems we face. They arise not from external problems but from internal ones: our attitudes and self-centered ways of thinking. Are we not able to solve problems like poverty, lack of access to healthcare, homelessness and food insecurity because they are physically impossible or because we don't want to make the necessary societal changes? It doesn't help when the people with the money and power to make those changes convince us that the problem is really other relatively powerless people.

There is a cartoon with 3 men sitting at a table. One man has a huge pile of cookies, one man has only one cookie and the third man has none. The guy with lots of cookies says to the man with only one that the third guy “wants to steal your cookie.” Of course the obvious solution is for the guy with tons of cookies to share with the other two. But he would never suggest that. And politicians who are themselves rich and powerful will never suggest that the 1%, who hold as much wealth as the bottom 90% of society, should be more generous. The powerful do not willingly surrender their power.

Which is why Paul says that “the message about the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing...” Because the cross was an instrument of shameful, torturous death inflicted on slaves and on those who rebelled against the Roman government. As historian Tom Holland pointed out, the idea of a crucified God was revolutionary. It completely went against the values of the Roman empire, with its emphasis on power and conquest. It made no sense to Greek intellectuals and was seen as blasphemous by Jews. The cross said that God identified with the suffering, the poor and the powerless to the extent of becoming one of them. And by his rising again Jesus, God Incarnate, removed the fear of death which is the primary tool of the powerful. It turned the accepted way of looking at the world upside down. (Acts 17:6)

In today's reading from Matthew we see the beginning of Jesus' ministry. His basic message was “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” So Jesus is setting up a kingdom that rivals the kingdoms of earth but this is one where God reigns “on earth as it is in heaven.” And the way you become a citizen of the kingdom of God is not by simply being born into it or having your country conquered by it. Instead you must repent, that is, change your heart and mind and as a logical result of that, change how you live. For instance, after having a heart attack at age 69 and getting a quintuple bypass, my father-in-law changed his mind about his lifestyle and lived till he was 91. If we really trust what Jesus says, we will change how we live our lives. In the next few weeks we will look at what this entails as we go into the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus' more detailed description of what being a citizen of the kingdom of God is like. But right now we will look at some obvious differences between his kingdom and the kingdoms of earthly origins.

Earthly rulers gather armies. They somehow convince men to fight and possibly die so that the rulers can have power over more people. The term “emperor” comes from the Latin word for military commander. Until the modern era, rulers led their armies into battle. Today's rulers do not expose themselves to such danger. But like the kings of old, they secure their kingdoms and expand them by shedding the blood of others.

Jesus did not gather an army. In fact, Matthew tells us that “Jesus went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and curing every disease and every sickness among the people.” Healing is the opposite of killing. And the scandal of the cross is that in order to secure his kingdom, no one's blood is shed but his. Nor does he die in battle, taking down others with him. He lets himself be led by his enemies, carries his own cross, and lets them nail him to it.

So how does Jesus spread his kingdom? By proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God. Everyone knows what happens when humans reign. They, their friends and their top supporters get the all best stuff. If the common folk are lucky, they get peace and security. But the situation for most people rarely gets better.

God's kingdom is different. The 5 books of Moses say that in Israel provisions are to be made for everyone to receive justice. The poorest and least powerful—widows, the fatherless and immigrants—are singled out for fair treatment. (Exodus 22:22-24; Deuteronomy 10:18; 14:28-29; 27:19; Leviticus 19:33-34) Women are protected from incest. (Leviticus 18:6-18) In one chapter of Leviticus alone we are told that the poor must be fed, deception and lying are forbidden, nobody is to defraud anyone or cheat the people working for them, the disabled are not to be mistreated, justice is to be unbiased, nothing can be done that endangers the lives of others, and both neighbors and resident aliens are to be loved as one loves oneself. (Leviticus 19:9-18, 33-34) We know from the prophets that the people of Israel frequently failed to live up to these principles. Yet these standards are accepted by many today though still not practiced as they should be.

Jesus knew that merely having laws does not change people. The problem is that harmful behavior comes from the heart and mind. (Mark 7:20-23) Again we must change those attitudes and ways of thinking, becoming as open and trusting as a small child, if we are to enter God's kingdom. (Matthew 18:3) And that's another way in which earthly kingdoms differ. You read any history of an empire or kingdom and you see where George R.R. Martin got his inspiration for Game of Thrones. Rulers are rarely trusting. Coups, betrayals, and intrigue arise again and again. Rulers have killed brothers, fathers, cousins, spouses and even children to secure or keep their thrones. Herod killed his wife, her mother, her grandfather, and 3 of his sons. He had plans to have a large number of prominent Jews killed upon his death so that even people who hated him would mourn. This is why I have no trouble believing he wiped out all the toddlers in a small town like Bethlehem. It was totally in character.

The problem is that trust underlies all healthy relationships. And it's not restricted to close relationships. You trust your mechanic to fix your car and he trusts you to pay him. Without trust, not only personal and commercial relationships but societies and civilizations fall apart. When rulers do not trust their people and subjects do not trust their rulers, it spells doom for a nation or empire.

It can do the same for a church. This is one reason Paul is distressed by the divisions he sees in the Corinthian church. They shouldn't break up into cliques centered around their favorite preachers and teachers. They need to realize that their unity is found in Christ. It is he who died for them and he who gives them new life. A preacher or teacher is valuable only in so far as he or she points us to Christ and helps us follow him. That's why it always bothers me when a ministry is named after a preacher or evangelist. When he retires or dies, their main attraction is gone. If he falls into grave sin, he damages the faith of others and the good he had once done for the church. Many times when people leave the faith it is not because of God but because of people who represented God.

Jesus is the only person in the Bible, the church and in the whole history of the world who never sinned. And he is the only person who can help us live up to the high standards of his kingdom. He sends us his Spirit to live in us and produce in us spiritual fruit like love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, gentleness, faithfulness and self-control. (Galatians 5:22-23) On the cross Jesus saved us from the penalty of sin. The Spirit at work in us saves us from the power of sin in our lives. But we have to let him. He will not coerce us because real love does not coerce the beloved.

And that's another distinctive feature of God's kingdom. No one is forced into it. Jesus is not like the conqueror who shows up one day and says, “From now on you are my subjects.” Citizenship in God's kingdom is strictly voluntary. That's why even in churches that baptize babies we have confirmation classes for those old enough to decide if they want to make the faith they were brought up in their own.

The rulers of this world do not like giving people choices. They refuse to give up any of their power. They are scared to look powerless. Instead they are always seeking to expand their power by taking it from others or taking over other territories. They are the antithesis of Jesus Christ. He gave people a choice to accept him or not. He did not cling to his divine prerogatives but gave them up to take on our humanity. (Philippians 2:5-7) He let himself be powerless before his enemies. They killed him. And then he showed that even death did not have any real power over him.

His power reveals the weakness of mortal kingdoms: they all will die. The Assyrian empire ceased to exist, as did the Babylonian empire, the Persian empire, the empire of Alexander the Great, the Roman empire, and the British empire. Nations and empires that exist today will one day cease. But not the kingdom of God. Jesus lives, no longer to die, and he shall reign forever and ever. (Romans 6:9; Revelation 11:15) Nor will we ever have to worry that he will rule unjustly or mercilessly. Because his strength is not based on bullying or violence but on his eternal love. And if we accept his love and join his kingdom, we will reign with him for we too shall live forever and ever.

All Our Needs and Desires

The scriptures referred to are Psalm 40:1-11 and 1 Corinthians 1:1-9.

For more than 20 years at 5 radio stations, I was the production director and copywriter. I wrote and recorded the ads and promos heard on the station. As such I found that there are many reasons to advertise: to simply let people know your business exists, to let them know what you have to offer, and to tell them how to visit or contact your business. But mainly you want to encourage the listener to buy your goods and services. If what you supply fills a basic need, that helps. Everyone needs food, clothes, transportation, and a good doctor. Then you just have to show that what you offer is more attractive than that of your competition. You might offer more convenience or friendlier service or other extras. In Key West just having free parking is a big plus.

But what if your product or service is not something anyone actually needs? Then instead you want to create a desire for what you offer. You can do this by making it seem cool or fun. For example, nobody really needs to drink soda or beer. In fact we all would be healthier if we didn't. Since ads can't talk about the actual effects of the drinks, they show people having fun and doing things with friends while holding a can or bottle of the beverage. Of course, you can have fun without drinking but they don't want you to think about that. They want you to associate their product with good things.

Sometimes advertisers go farther and try to make a desire feel like a need. They make it seem as if you must have the latest cool gadget or you will feel left out by all your friends who do have it. If you don't use this product you will be seen as less attractive, less sexy, less informed, less competent, less cool and less a part of the group you wish to belong to. The idea is to make something that you actually can do without feel like a necessity. They want you to feel that you lack something that will make you happy.

This works on kids. They see a new toy and whine that they need it. But it also works on adults. Look at how people will line up for the latest smartphone which has new features that they have never needed before or even knew existed. Part of it is that we desire novelty. So much so that one guy took rocks, put them in cardboard boxes with care and training booklets, called them Pet Rocks and became a millionaire. Right now someone is doing that with Labubu dolls, as they did with Cabbage Patch dolls and Beanie Babies. And we think that Orcas wearing dead fish on their heads are silly.

“I have something you need” is the subtext of every sales pitch, whether it is from a company, a politician or a cult leader. You need to ask yourself if what they are offering really is a need or just a desire. Not all desires are bad. But you should be suspicious of those who deliberately try to confuse the two. For instance, in today's world having a cellphone is practically a necessity. But do you really need one that will allow you to make studio quality videos or that folds or that has A.I.?

In the same way, politicians always say we need to increase our military budget though we spend more on our military than the next 9 countries combined do on theirs. They don't need to spend more; they just want to. CEOs will always say their company needs to make more money, no matter how many millions or billions in profits they already make. Folks running pyramid schemes always want more people to join and invest. Although, actually, a pyramid scheme does need that or the whole thing collapses.

Lots of cults are pyramid schemes. So cult leaders create and exploit an insatiable spiritual hunger in their followers. They convince them that they need more and deeper spiritual knowledge, which only the leader or his system can provide. They create tiers or levels that they encourage their followers to ascend if they really want to be enlightened. And leveling up costs the followers in money, time and labor.

Which makes for an interesting contrast with what Paul says in our passage from 1st Corinthians. He writes to the church that he gives thanks to God “because of the grace that has been given to you in Christ Jesus, for in every way you have been enriched in him, in speech and knowledge of every kind just as the testimony of Christ has been strengthened among you so that you are not lacking in any gift as you wait for the revealing of our Lord Jesus Christ.” Paul is not saying “You need to purchase my special course on spiritual gifts for just $29.99.” No, he is saying in Christ you have all the gifts you need to live until he comes again. No add-ons or upgrades required.

And this is “because of the grace that has been given to you in Christ Jesus.” Roman gods did not really care for humans. They were like mafia dons who offered protection and favors in return for loyalty and sacrifices. But the God revealed in Jesus Christ is gracious. He is not transactional. He gives what we do not deserve and cannot earn: his grace. When he created us he gave us gifts of greater intelligence and language and dexterity and persistence. We have used them to harm and dominate and exploit our fellow human beings. And so he gives us his Son, who in turn gives his life to save us from a situation that is our own doing. And all he asks is that we respond to his love by loving him back and by loving all other people, because he loves them too.

Knowing that good news enriches our lives in every way. The world can be scary. Knowing that God loves you lets you trust him and not shrink from life and its challenges. It reframes the way you look at your life and at the people you encounter. They are all people created in the image of God. They are all people for whom Christ died, whether they know it or not. Letting them know about God's love through what you say and what you do gives your life purpose. Knowing that God intends to restore the world to the paradise he intended it to be gives our lives meaning. It also gives us something to do with the talents and gifts he has given us. John Cleese said he did not go into comedy with any greater sense of purpose but when he met soldiers who had fought for their homeland in Kosovo, he found out that every night, after the shooting and bombing stopped, they would hang up a sheet and project Monty Python shows and movies. These comedians gave them the much needed gift of laughter in hard times.

When Paul says that “you are not lacking in any gift” he is not talking to individuals. The word “you” is plural in the Greek. He is talking to the church as a whole. No one is good at everything. Nobody has every gift necessary for the body of Christ on earth to function. (1 Corinthians 12:29-30) Later in this letter, Paul says, “Now there are different gifts, but the same Spirit. And there are different ministries but the same Lord. And there are different results, but the same God produces all of them in everyone. To each person the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the benefit of all.” (1 Corinthians 12:4-7) In this letter and in Romans 12 and in Ephesians 4 Paul gives lists of some of the spiritual gifts. But nobody is left out and nobody should be envious of the gifts of others. Paul reminds us that “Now it is one and the same Spirit who is active in all these things, individually distributing them to each person as he wills.” (1 Corinthians 12:11)

The ultimate purpose of God's grace and his giving us these gifts is to strengthen the body of Christ, and cause us to stand firm until the very end. By each of us employing our gifts to help and serve our community of faith we can stand up to and meet the challenges we face as Christians.

And we are assured we can do this because “God is faithful...” We can trust him. As it says in 2 Timothy, “This saying is trustworthy: If we died with him, we will also live with him. If we endure, we will also reign with him. If we deny him, he will also deny us. If we are unfaithful, he remains faithful, since he cannot deny himself.” (2 Timothy 2:11-13) God cannot go against his very nature. So we can stand on his promises, especially that he will never leave us or forsake us. (Hebrews 13:5; Deuteronomy 31:6) That promise alone is a gift that gives us strength.

Another reason to trust God is that by him “you were called into the partnership of his Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.” Unlike a Bond villain, God does not abandon or betray those he called to be his partners. He upholds and equips us. He wants us to be good partners.

And how mind-blowing is it that we are called into partnership with Jesus! He does not need us but chooses to have us work with him. It's like that day when your parent trusts you to help work with them on building their pet project or making their special dish. Jesus calls and equips us to continue his mission to spread the kingdom of God. He doesn't tell us to force others to convert but to plant and nurture the seeds of the good news of God's love revealed in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. As Paul says to the church in Corinth, “I planted, Apollos watered, but God caused it to grow.” (1 Corinthians 3:6) We have our work to do but it is God who brings the results.

When I was a copywriter, one thing I could not guarantee was results. We could present the offer in the most attractive way possible but we could not make people buy. The best way to run a successful business is to offer people what they want at a price they're willing to pay. But even reasonable offers can be turned down by some people.

Sadly, not everyone wants to be saved. I saw that as a nurse. Some patients did not want to be healed. Maybe they thought they were just fine, despite evidence to the contrary. Maybe they liked having people pity them and cut them slack for their pain. Or maybe they thought the price—changing their diet or lifestyle or having to undergo the pain and inconvenience of surgery and recovery—was too high. I saw people with new hips or new knees who did not want to do the physical therapy that would permit them to walk again.

God has done his part. He has taken on the infinitely greater pain of redeeming us from the consequences of our sins. Jesus has offered us new life at the cost of his own. All he asks is that we put our trust in him. And, like learning to walk again after having your broken legs fixed, as I can tell you from personal experience, there will be some pain. So, yes, we must take up our cross daily and follow him. But it is nothing like the pain of the actual cross he endured.

And the benefits of walking with him are immeasurable. We receive forgiveness of our sins, a new start, help in facing the challenges of life and a loving community to support us and help us withstand the storms we all must face. Plus we find peace in having a faithful God as our constant companion. We find purpose and meaning serving him through serving others. We find assurance that this life, no matter how hard or painful, is not the only life we live. We find hope in the risen Jesus who will come to set things right, fill the world with true justice and real mercy and amazing grace, make all things new and wipe away every tear as he abolishes pain and death and mourning. (Revelation 21:4)

The greatest satisfaction comes when you find something that not only meets a need but also fulfills a desire. We all need the love of someone trustworthy to help us survive. But we also desire that love and faithfulness so that we can thrive. In the loving and faithful God revealed in Jesus, we find both. And so we can join our psalm in saying, “May your steadfast love and your truth continually keep me safe.”

Word

The scriptures referred to are Isaiah 42:1-9, Psalm 29 and Acts 10:34-43.

When I was a kid, I was taught that what separated humans from other animals was (1) our opposable thumbs, (2) our tool making, and (3) our use of language. Since then those supposedly unique traits have been diminished. Other primates and mammals also have opposable digits, though our thumbs are larger and allow for more dexterity. Other animals use sticks and rocks as tools, though none of them have ever created anything like a Swiss Army knife or a computer. And other animals do communicate vocally, though nowhere in the world is a non-human delivering a sermon. It seems to me that the difference between humans and other animals is not found in exclusive categories but in the much greater degree of complexity with which we have or can do these things.

I want to focus on one aspect in particular: words. While researchers have taught apes to use sign language and other animals to press buttons with symbols to indicate what they want, these things do not arise spontaneously in nonhumans. And there is the question of whether these animals actually understand what they are communicating, or do they just know that to get a treat or a toy from a human they have to perform this trick in this way. Perhaps these things were a more elaborate version of the Clever Hans effect. This is named for a horse in Germany a century ago who seemed to be able to do math problems by stamping his hoof the proper number of times. When investigated, it was found that the horse simply kept stamping until his trainer unwittingly indicated he had gotten to the correct number by relaxing. Then the horse would stop. A more sophisticated version of this might account for the apparent intelligence of AI. They are simply doing what they are programmed to do. They will not spontaneously wax poetic or philosophical. They just respond to prompts by scanning their database and stringing together words by using rules of grammar and normal usage. Google's AI is forever trying to correct my quotes from the Bible when they don't match its programmed style.

Our ability to use words is amazing. We can give precise descriptions, issue specific instructions, make logical arguments, tell jokes, create metaphors and create things that don't exist, like a plaid elephant. And now that you've read those two words, I have created a picture in your mind. More than that, I have caused synapses in your brain to make physical connections that didn't exist before. That is an astounding power for mere sounds or symbols on a page to have.

Last week in John's gospel we read about how Jesus is the living Word of God. We saw how in Genesis God created everything simply by speaking it into existence. In the second to last book of Narnia, The Magician's Nephew, C.S. Lewis describes how the Christ-figure of his books, Aslan, calls things into creation by singing. He recreates the magic of the first chapter of Genesis by using a different form of vocal expression.

Human attempts at magic also use words. The problem is that, unlike God, we cannot create reality just by speaking. But what we can do is reframe reality in people's minds using words. We can persuade people to help us in altering aspects of reality. We can tell people how to do things. We can explain problems and suggest solutions. We can start a movement using words. As we've seen, a person skillfully using words can get people to do things and change the world. That can seem like magic.

But like all powerful things, words can do great good and great harm. A person can disseminate truth or lies. Cult leaders, internet influencers and politicians can use the power of words to deceive. If they are charismatic enough, they can even get people to believe things that go against logic, common sense and even the evidence before their own eyes. George Orwell in his novel 1984 called this doublespeak. In the book the government's Ministry of Peace conducts wars, its Ministry of Love performs torture, its Ministry of Plenty obscures famine and its Ministry of Truth puts out propaganda. It uses slogans like “War is Peace,” “Freedom is Slavery,” and “Ignorance is Strength.” He nailed how authoritarian leaders misuse the power of words to deceive people.

Words can do great good as well. I think that's what Psalm 29 is about. The power of the voice of the Lord is the power of his words, the ideas he has expressed. We see them in our passage from Isaiah. Using images of verbal expression, God says, “I have called you in righteousness...new things I declare; before they spring forth, I tell you of them.”

Of course, what is important is the content of what is said. In our passage in Isaiah, God is talking about his servant who will “bring forth justice to the nations.” When we think of justice, we mainly think of bringing punishment to the bad guys. But the picture we get here is not of someone who swaggers around, dishing out God's wrath. Rather he “will not cry or lift up his voice or make it heard in the street; a bruised reed he will not break, and a dimly burning wick he will not quench.” This is someone who is gentle. The imagery of a bruised reed and a barely burning wick represent people who are almost broken and whose lives are on the verge of being snuffed out. In other words, these are the poor and the weak, those who are oppressed. The justice he will bring is restorative justice. It is about making things right.

Addressing the servant of the Lord, God says, “I have given you as a covenant to the people...” This is odd. The Hebrew for “you” in the singular. It is an individual. How is a person a covenant? A covenant is an agreement. In what way can a person be an agreement? It could if the person is Jesus Christ, who is both fully God and fully human, and who sealed his new covenant with his blood. When you make an agreement, you give your word and in this new covenant God gives us his Word, his Son, as the promise that he will do what he says: bring about his kingdom where his will is done on earth as it is in heaven. God expresses who he is in his Word. He is both just and merciful. As such Jesus is “a light to the nations, to open the eyes that are blind, to bring out prisoners from the dungeon, from prison those who sit in darkness.”

This Word from God is good news. And in our passage from Acts, Peter gives us a great summary of that good news. He is speaking to Cornelius, a centurion, and his household. This is the first group of Gentiles he has been called to preach the gospel to and baptize. First, Peter says that God shows no partiality when it comes to people. He accepts all people, whatever their nationality, provided they respect him and do what is right.

Then he gets right to the heart of the good news. “You know the message he sent to the people of Israel, preaching peace by Jesus Christ—he is Lord of all.” The Greek word for peace apparently comes from the word “to join or tie together into a whole.” So the message is preaching wholeness through Jesus Christ, who is the Lord of all. Last week in Ephesians and in John's gospel, we looked at how God's plan is to bring together everything in Christ, through whom all things were made and who is the ultimate pattern and design of all creation. Jesus Christ is the God who is love Incarnate. The creation is to reflect this love, which is the glory of God.

Peter goes on to say, “That message spread throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism that John announced: how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power; how he went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.” Peter shows the power of the message in 2 ways. First, it is a good enough message to spread beyond Galilee, which was, in the eyes of Judeans, a somewhat suspect region where there are too many Gentiles and which held no great centers of Jewish learning. On the other hand Jerusalem, the city of David, where God's temple, the center of the Jewish faith, stood, was in Judea. Yet this message, about a handyman from an obscure town never mentioned in the Hebrew scriptures, spread all the way to the city of God.

Secondly, the content of this message was powerful. Jesus was anointed (the meaning of the word Messiah and its Greek version, Christ) with the Holy Spirit and with power. And how did he use this power? To make himself king? To make himself rich? No, instead, he went about doing good and healing people. He did not use his power to conquer others but to liberate those oppressed by the devil, the essence of evil. Jesus made people better, both physically and spiritually. Because God was with him. This last phrase seems to hint at the prophecy from Isaiah that predicts a child who is named Immanuel, which means “God is with us.”

The message is powerful because Jesus is powerful. In fact, Jesus is the message. As we saw in John's gospel, Jesus is the living Word of God. You can't have the gospel, the good news, without Jesus. He is the expression of the God who is love. And that expression is not simply in what he says but what he does: doing good and healing people.

After establishing that Peter and the apostles are not repeating hearsay but are eyewitnesses to Jesus and his ministry, Peter then says, “They put him to death by hanging him on a tree...” As we've discussed a few weeks ago, the Romans frequently saved themselves the trouble of making a whole cross by simply stripping a tree of its branches and then attaching a crossbar, and the condemned criminal, to it. But Peter may also be referring to Deuteronomy 21:23, which says that a person executed and hung on a tree is cursed by God. So this man who was anointed by God's Spirit because God was with him becomes cursed by God? Yes, and paradoxically Jesus turns this curse into a blessing by redeeming us from our slavery to sin, to the things that harm us, others and our relationship to God.

That is not the end of the story, however. Peter says, “But God raised him on the third day.” Many people have died for their faith in God. What makes Jesus special is that God raised him from the dead. This marks him out as more than a mere prophet. When prophets die, they stay dead like any human being. Jesus' resurrection vindicates his message. It shows that God is indeed with him and that the Spirit and power with which God anointed him are still active in him.

Peter says that this was no illusion or metaphorical resurrection but that the apostles “ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.” They were chosen by God to be witnesses to not only Jesus' teachings but his life, death and resurrection. “He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one ordained by God as judge of the living and the dead.” That is quite an exalted position. How could a mere man be able to judge accurately the fate of every individual? He couldn't. He couldn't know everything everybody did or know what the intentions of their hearts were. But God could. In other words, Jesus is not merely a man but God as well. He knows every human's secrets but he also knows what it is like to be human. He will judge us with justice and mercy.

Finally Peter says, “All the prophets testify about him that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.” Jesus is the anointed prophet, priest and king the prophets of the Hebrew scriptures predicted. As God, only he has the authority to forgive sins. And you can't earn forgiveness. What you have done cannot be undone. Forgiveness is more than mercy; it is an act of grace. You don't deserve it. When it is offered, you can only accept it humbly.

Notice that Jesus did not send out his followers to fight for him or to establish any kingdoms in his name or to shed the blood of others. That is the way sinful humans spread their power. No, Jesus commanded us to testify about him. We are to use words, not fists, not swords, not guns. He calls us to be witnesses, not warriors. Which is why the Greek word for “witness”—martus—eventually came to mean “one who dies for a cause,”: a martyr. The greatest testimony is to trust Jesus with your life even when it can cost you your life.

When Paul lists the equipment of the armor of God, all of it defensive—except for one thing. He tells us to take up “the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.” (Ephesians 6:17) Words are powerful. They can change hearts and minds. They can rally people to a cause. They can also do great damage if we let them. Let us only use words that do good and that heal and that liberate people who are oppressed by evil. And the only words that can do that are the words of God, coming from the living Word of God. As Jesus said, “The words I have spoken to you are spirit and are life.” (John 6:63) 

One

The scriptures referred to are Ephesians 1:3-14 and John 1:1-18.

The world is so large and complex that it is impossible for any one human being to comprehend it all. So early peoples attributed control of each aspect of nature to a different deity. If you wanted good weather you prayed to one god. If you wanted your crops or your spouse to be fertile you prayed to a specific goddess. If you wanted healing you went to the shrine of a particular god who had that power.

In addition every city and nation had its own god. When nations fought, it reflected a cosmic battle between the gods. If it sounds chaotic, it was. There might be a chief god but he couldn't always control his family of gods. And he usually wasn't the creator god or goddess. In fact, the chief god might have fought the creator and the earth may have been made out of his or her body. Basically the chief god got to his position the way a human king might have: by overthrowing or murdering his rival. Often this was the chief god's father or mother. That's how polytheism worked. The people of earth were violent and divided and they projected that onto the powers that controlled the earth.

The God revealed in the Bible is different. He both created everything and is in charge of everything. The disunity of peoples is not attributed to various competing gods but to the sinfulness and short-sighted attitudes of humans who compete with one another over God's gifts instead of cooperating for the good of all.

So what does God do to restore things to what they should be? Because he gave us the ability to choose, he must use persuasion. He chooses to work through a man and his descendants. As he says to Abraham, “In you will all the families of the earth be blessed.” (Genesis 12:3) Seeing how a people committed to a covenant with God lives that out is supposed to convince the world to come around to the one true God.

Of course, the repeated failures of the people of Israel to honor their part of the covenant and demonstrate righteousness, justice and compassion for the poor and oppressed is a constant theme throughout much of the Old Testament. So God resolves to make a new covenant, one where, as he says in Jeremiah, “I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts and minds. I will be their God and they will be my people.” (Jeremiah 31:33) This is the covenant God makes through his son, Jesus Christ. That sets up the main theme of Paul's letter to the Ephesians.

One of my favorite YouTube channels is Disciple Dojo, in which Bible scholar James Michael Smith does deep dives on scripture and theology. He brings in other Bible scholars, reviews books and study Bibles, and answers viewers' questions. When he looks at a particular book of the Bible or passage, he goes into the original Greek or Hebrew behind the text. But you don't have to be an expert yourself to follow what he says. This last year, in discussing the letter to the Ephesians, he pointed out something I had never noticed before, namely, how often the phrase “in Christ” pops up in this letter. In the 11 verses of our passage alone, the phrase “in Christ” or “in him” occurs 8 times. It occurs another 11 times in the next few chapters.

What does the phrase “in Christ” mean? This varies a bit depending on the context but generally it means “in our union with Christ.” The theme of Ephesians is that the one God wants to bring all peoples into one community united by their trust in Jesus. That has been God's plan all along.

And as he promised, being united in Christ brings blessings. God chose us in love to be holy and blameless before him, to be adopted as his children, to be redeemed through his blood and have our sins forgiven, to know his plan to gather up everything in Christ, to obtain an inheritance, and to be marked with the Holy Spirit. He does all of this out of the riches of his grace, God's undeserved, unreserved goodness toward us.

Paul calls God's plan a mystery. Paul is probably playing off of the idea of the mystery religions that were popular in the Roman empire. Like various cults we have today, these mystery religions appealed to people's desires to have secret knowledge about the world that others didn't. They had initiation rituals and some had levels through which initiates had to pass to rise within the religion. Basically it comes from the idea that knowledge is power and this secret knowledge, kept from the duller, ordinary people, makes the members of the mystery cult superior to the uninitiated.

But Paul is essentially saying that the “mystery” revealed by God is in fact an open secret: the gospel of salvation. Not only do Christians not have to keep this good news a secret, they are to proclaim it to the world. Because ultimately God wants to redeem the world and restore it to what he intended it to be. As it says in 2 Peter, God “does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.” (2 Peter 3:9) The gospel is not exclusionary; it is not for the elite or for people who are smarter or better than others. All people are equal before God. (Proverbs 22:2; Romans 2:11; Acts 10:34) We all have been created in God's image. (Genesis 1:27) Yet we have decided we know better than God and so we fall short of the glory of God. (Romans 2:12; 3:23) And Jesus died to redeem all of us, whether we know it or acknowledge it. (1 John 2:2; 2 Corinthians 5:15)

After coming to Jesus, no one is superior to others. In another letter Paul says, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female—for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.” (Galatians 3:28) The oneness Paul is talking about is unity, not uniformity. Elsewhere he compares us to parts of one body, all with different features and functions yet none of us is nonessential. (1 Corinthians 12:12-27)

And that is what we are talking about in verse 10 of today's passage. God's plan to gather up all things in heaven and on earth in Christ does not mean we are all mashed together like a ball of clay or that we lose our individuality like a drop of water when it falls into the ocean. Instead we find our special place in God's universe. We use the unique gifts he has given to each of us to serve him, each other and the whole of creation with love.

Serving with love is the key part because God is love. (1 John 4:8) God sent his Son to us out of love. (John 3:16) But this doesn't mean Jesus was merely an instrument. Instead what we see in him is the whole goal of creation. He is the organizing principle. That is what is meant in our passage from John's gospel in which he is called the Word.

Philo of Alexandria was a Jewish contemporary of Jesus who tried to reconcile Greek philosophy with Jewish theology. He seized upon the idea that the divine principle that brings all things into existence was called the Logos by the Greek philosopher Heraclitus. And in Genesis God brings all of creation into existence by his word. “God said, 'Let there be light.' And there was light!” (Genesis 1:3) And God calls into existence all the other aspects of the universe by speaking. Now the Greek term for “word, speech and reason” is logos. Philo called this Logos, which was common to both Jewish and Greek thought, “the first-born of God.” The Logos was the design for creation, which also pervades the world and supports it. The Logos was the “high priest” who expiated sins and is the mediator and advocate for humanity before God. The Logos interprets and “announces God's designs to humankind, acting in this respect as prophet and priest.” The Logos illuminates the human soul, “nourishing it with spiritual food, like the manna...” (Thanks to Wikipedia as the source of this paragraph.)

Philo's Logos is just an philosophical idea for tying together the great thoughts of the Greeks and the Jews. However, the gospel of John says that the Logos is not merely an abstract notion. Yes, the Logos or Word of God was in the beginning and all things were created through him. Yes, the Logos is the light that illuminates all people. But “the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father's only son, full of grace and truth.” (v.14)

How does the Logos or Word reveal God's glory? If a person is honest, his word reveals who and what he is. God's Word is the expression of who and what God is. In Jesus we have the fullest revelation of God. God, as we said, is love. To be in love with someone is to be in harmony with them. We were created in the image of the God who is love. When we choose to love him back, we come into harmony with him. When we come in harmony with God, we come into harmony with the other people created in his image and redeemed by his Son. And we come into harmony with the rest of his creation.

That's God's plan. We keep trying to replace his plan with our own plans. We keep trying to replace his love with money or technology or power over others. It's like trying to replace a good diet with junk food. In 2012 a British teen was hospitalized for breathing problems, anemia, vitamin deficiencies, and malnutrition. And the cause was that she had been eating nothing but chicken nuggets, fries, chips and toast for 15 years. We may not be as bad as this teen but our society does eat a lot more junk food these days. The problem is it doesn't do the job properly and it degrades the health of the people who are trying to survive on it. The same is true of all the things we try to nourish and fuel our lives with other than the love of God.

Colossians is another letter that takes a cosmic view of Christ. In it we read “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation, for all things in heaven and on earth were created by him—all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, whether principalities or powers—all things were created through him and for him. He himself is before all things and all things are held together in him. He is the head of the body, the church, as well as the beginning, the firstborn from among the dead, so that he himself may become first in all things. For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in the Son and through him to reconcile all things to himself by making peace through the blood of his cross—through him, whether things on earth or things in heaven.” (Colossians 1:15-20)

In both of these letters the point is not merely to reveal interesting theological ideas. Paul goes on to say, “And you were at one time strangers and enemies in your minds as expressed through your evil deeds, but now he has reconciled you by his physical body through death to present you holy, without blemish, and blameless before him...” (Colossians 1:21-22) In Ephesians we see the same theme of being reconciled to God and to one another. To a church made up of Jews and Gentiles, Paul says, “For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility, when he nullified in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man out of two, thus making peace and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed.” (Ephesians 2:14-16)

In his prayer before his arrest, Jesus prayed for the church, saying “Holy Father, keep them safe in your name that you have given me, so that they may be one just as we are one....I am not praying only on their behalf, but also on the behalf of those who believe in me through their testimony, that they will all be one, just as you, Father, are in me and I am in you....” (John 17:11, 20-21) Just earlier that evening he said, “I give you a new commandment—to love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. Everyone will know by this that you are my disciples—if you have love for one another.” (John 13:34-35)

There aren't a bunch of gods but one God, who is love. And there aren't a bunch of human species but one human race. But how are people to know that if we don't act that way? How are people to know the good news of God's love revealed in Jesus Christ if those who say they are his followers don't show that love? Jesus didn't say we had to agree on absolutely everything. We just need to agree on the essentials of who he is, what he has done for us, what he is doing in us and how we should respond. As for that response, he said we have to love one another the way he loved us—self-sacrificially. He took up his cross for us and we need to take up our crosses daily for him. He came to reconcile us with God and with each other. The church needs to demonstrate that unity, that coming together of people of every tribe, nation and language into one body, the body of Christ on earth, carrying on his mission until the day when God's plan to bring everything back together will be fully realized and “Christ is all in all.” (Colossians 3:11)