Word and Spirit

The scriptures referred to are Romans 8:1-11 and Matthew 13:1-9, 18-23.

One of the things that makes humans unique is our invention of writing. Other animals communicate with each other by cries, growls, howls, purrs, barks, chirps and other vocalizations. Yet not only can humans use more complex language to communicate exactly what is on our mind, and on topics I'm sure animals never contemplate—does any other animal deliver sermons?—but we figured out that if we use symbols for our words, we can write our down thoughts and they can be read by others, including those who never met or heard us, and even those who weren't born at the time we wrote. The passages we just read from the Old Testament, Psalms, New Testament and Gospels were written thousands of years ago in two different languages by at least 4 different people. Yet here we are discussing them and finding truths and wisdom that apply to our lives today. That is amazing when you think of it.

But, as we touched on in last week's sermon, words don't automatically accomplish what they tell us to do. As Jesus says in the parable of the sower and the seeds, it all depends on who receives the word. In fact some have said that we should call this the parable of the soils because that seems to determine if the word of the kingdom bears fruit. As Jesus says, some people hear the gospel but do not understand it. It immediately fails to take hold. Some people hear God's word and receive it with joy but they are shallow and when adversity strikes, they fall away because the word did not really take root in them. Some people hear the word but worldly concerns and the pursuit of wealth and success choke off their spiritual life. Finally there are those who not only hear the word but understand it. It goes deep, takes root in them and they keep the concerns of this age and the lure of earthly pursuits from choking the life out of it. So they bear fruit. In other words, what is essential is not merely the gospel but also our response to it. The majority of people in this country—62 to 68%—say they are Christians. But are we seeing a bumper crop of the fruit of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control? (Galatians 5:22-23) Why not?

Here's another interesting statistic. 85 to 88% of US households own a Bible. Actually, the average American household has 3 or 4 Bibles. Yet less than a quarter of folks with access to a Bible say they read it daily. And more than half read it very little or not at all. A lot of people seem to think that having a Bible is like having a magical item, which just automatically grants them God's favor. But as Jesus' parable points out, God's word doesn't do you any good unless it gets deep within you. As N.T. Wright says, people want the fruit without the root.

In our readings from Romans over the last few weeks, Paul has also been pointing out that God's law by itself cannot make us good people. In fact, it can be used sinfully. And daily we see people who will pick out quotes, taking them out of context and divorcing them from the main purpose of the Bible, in order to justify evil. As we pointed out recently, slave owners used a version of the Bible from which they had removed 90% of the Old Testament and 50% of the New Testament to keep their slaves from learning how much of the Bible talked about freedom and liberation from slavery.

Today we have so-called Christians who are ignoring the more than 800 verses that spell out our duty to the poor, the sick, the disabled, children without fathers, mothers without husbands, resident aliens, and those in prison. (Leviticus 19:9-18, 33-34; Proverbs 19:17; Isaiah 1:17; Matthew 25:31-46; Luke 4:18-19; James 1:27-2:11, etc) They even condemn empathy as a sin, though Jesus acted out of compassion, which any dictionary will tell you is a synonym for empathy. (Matthew 9:36; 14:14; 15:32; 20:34; Mark 1:41; Luke 7:13) Furthermore, they think that God can't wait to cast sinners into hell although we read, “As I live, says the Lord God, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but prefer that they turn from their ways and live.” (Ezekiel 33:11; cf. Lamentations 3:31-36; 2 Chronicles 30:9; Jeremiah 3:12; 1 Timothy 1:15) Jesus did not come on a “search and destroy” mission but on a rescue mission. (Matthew 18:11; Mark 2:17; Luke 15:4-6)

For example, I was once in a murder mystery at the Marathon Community Theater where I played the detective. The chief suspect was the governess. Yet somehow at the end of the play we were in love. And neither I nor my leading lady could figure out how that happened. During most of the play it seemed that I was fiercely interrogating her to put her away for murder while she was deflecting my questions. Just a week or so from opening night, I was trying to answer the actress's question: “Do you know why we end up together?” And then it hit me. It made no sense if we fell in love at the end of the play but it totally made sense if we fell in love at the beginning. Once we started rehearsing as if our attraction was immediate, the tone of the play changed. Instead of me trying to get a confession out of her, I was trying to get her to give me evidence to exonerate her because I loved her. Instead of trying to hide her guilt, she was hiding the odd circumstances of the death because she was afraid I wouldn't believe her and reject her. So when we finally confessed our love, it was the natural ending for what was actually a love story. We didn't have to change a word of the play, just the spirit in which we spoke and acted.

In today's reading from Romans, Paul is saying that the law of God will not work on those who do not have the right Spirit: the Spirit of Christ. (Romans 8:9) Otherwise God's law is just a death sentence. But received in the right Spirit, it is life and freedom. (Romans 8:2) This doesn't mean that we can totally disregard God's word. As Paul writes, “For God has done what the law, weakened by the flesh, could not do: by sending his Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and to deal with sin, he condemned sin in the flesh, so that the just requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.” (Romans 8:3-4)

That might be hard to follow so let me read it to you in the translation by J.B. Phillips: “The Law never succeeded in producing righteousness—the failure was always the weakness of human nature. But God has met this by sending his own Son to live in sinful human nature like ours. And, while Christ was dealing with sin, God condemned that sinful nature. Therefore we are able to meet the Law's requirements, for we are living no longer by the dictates of our sinful nature, but in obedience to the promptings of the Spirit.”

Look at it this way. We all know the rules for having a physically healthy life: Don't smoke. Don't drink alcohol. Eat healthy food and not too much. Exercise. Get a good night's sleep. So why are 93% of US adults metabolically unhealthy? Because, despite knowing how we should live, we don't follow those rules. And if, like my father-in-law, you have a severe heart attack, you cannot save yourself. You need a doctor to save you. My father-in-law had to have a surgeon do a quintuple bypass on him. In other words, 5 coronary arteries were blocked and had to be bypassed. Only after that, and his recovery from the surgery, was he able to do the things required to stay healthy.

God knows that we need a deep internal change in order to be spiritually healthy. In Ezekiel he says, “I will give them one heart and I will put a new spirit within them; I will remove the hearts of stone from their bodies and I will give them tender hearts, so that they may follow my statutes and observe my regulations and carry them out. Then they will be my people, and I will be their God.” (Ezekiel 11:19-20) And in Jeremiah God says, “'I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts and minds. I will be their God and they will be my people. People will no longer need to teach their neighbors and relatives to know me. For all of them, from the least important to the most important, will know me,' says the Lord. 'For I will forgive their sin and will no longer call to mind the wrong they have done.'” (Jeremiah 31:33b-34)

It's a matter of both heart and spirit. For instance, being diagnosed with congestive heart failure means your heart is slowly losing the ability to do its job. You can't just say, “Doc, I'll take it from here. I'll eat healthy and exercise.” That won't save you. It's too late for that. The only solution today is a heart transplant. Someone has to die and donate their heart. Think of Jesus as our heart donor. He died so that we might live. He gave his life that we might have life—his life, eternal life. Think of God as the surgeon who has to cut us open, remove our old failing heart and put in its place the heart of Jesus.

You know the weird thing about people who receive someone else's heart? Many of them report also receiving some traits of their donor. One woman said she started having dreams of being an 18-year-old, like her donor, and began craving the foods he liked. A dying man who was 47 used to hate classical music. After receiving the heart of a 17-year-old he suddenly loved it. He later found out that his donor was a violinist who loved classical music and who was shot on his way to music class, hugging his violin.

Some researchers think this is cellular memory. They took one slug who had been touched and then shocked and they transferred its RNA from to another slug. And then the second slug reacted negatively to the touch although it had never been shocked. With the transfer of the RNA came the transfer of the first slug's memory of its experience.

When we open ourselves to God's word and accept Jesus as our Lord and Savior, we receive his Holy Spirit. We are also receiving the traits of Jesus. And so the Spirit enables us to do what God's law by itself could not do. The Spirit enables us to live by God's law. And what is the essence of that law? As Jesus said, it is to love God with all we are and all we have, and to love our neighbor as we do ourselves. He said all the other laws in the Bible are based on these two. (Matthew 22:36-40) And he said that no other commandment was greater than loving God and other people. (Mark 12:28-31)

It is hard to love God that fully. And it's hard to love our neighbors as we do ourselves, putting their wellbeing on the same level as ours. We cannot do it naturally because of our fallen human nature. But Jesus, who lived and died as one of us, can. And when we receive his Spirit so can we.

However, getting to the point where we can do it perfectly is neither fast nor easy. After my accident, and my 6 surgeries to put me back together and replace some broken parts with pins and screws and metal, I had to go to a nursing home with a good rehab program to learn to walk again. It took 100 days. For most of that time I couldn't even put weight on my repaired legs. So the physical therapists worked on restoring flexibility and strengthening them. And even when the surgeons cleared me to start weight-bearing, at first I just had to learn to stand for a few minutes. After a week, I took my first steps, with a physical therapist holding me by a gait belt, in case I fell, and another pushing the wheelchair behind me, in case I suddenly had to sit down. I had good days and bad days. I had days I made progress and days I seemed to have hit a plateau. I had days where the pain was so bad I cried. And after they discharged me, I still had to do more therapy to increase what I could do.

The Christian life is like that. The Spirit is like our physical therapist, helping us learn how to walk with God. The Spirit encourages us, comforts us, advocates for us, and intercedes for us. Without the help of the Spirit, we cannot live the Christian life and we cannot produce the fruit of the Spirit. And without the Spirit we cannot properly understand God's word, the gospel, Jesus' good news of salvation for sinners and the lost. It is the Spirit who testifies to Jesus and leads us to the truth. (John 15:26)

Jesus said he would not leave us like orphans but would send his Spirit. (John 14:16-18) Jesus said, “If anyone loves me, he will obey my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him.” (John 14:23) And God does this through his Spirit. God is love (1 John 4:8) and the Spirit pours God's love, the essence and fullness of God, into our hearts. (Romans 5:5)

A lot of people read God's word without understanding that it is a love story. They think God is all about wrath and judgment and can't wait to condemn us. But the Bible says, “The Lord is not slow concerning his promise, as some regard slowness, but is being patient toward you, because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.” (2 Peter 3:9) Jesus said he did not come to condemn the world but to save it. (John 3:17) God has confessed his love for us from the beginning of our story. He is simply giving us plenty of opportunity to return that love and to do it in the right Spirit.

In the Eyes of God

The scriptures referred to are Romans 6:12-23.

In a tense scene of the movie musical 1776, the representatives from the South will not sign the Declaration of Independence unless the clause denouncing slavery is removed. In the chilling song “Molasses to Rum to Slaves,” Edward Rutledge of South Carolina points out the hypocrisy of the northern states which build and sail the ships that bring slaves from Africa to America. Finally, Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the Declaration, crosses out the antislavery clause so that the states will be united in separating themselves from Great Britain. Sherman Edwards, the former history teacher turned songwriter who conceived the musical, decided against including a line of dialogue where John Adams tells Benjamin Franklin that if they give in on the issue of slavery, there will be trouble in 100 years. He felt that the audience would think the line was made up. But in fact Adams did write that line in a letter to Franklin. He foresaw the Civil War and was just a few years off in predicting when it would happen.

Their problem was that the Declaration of Independence says that the whole reason for its existence was that, as it says, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men...” In other words, we are separating from the United Kingdom of Great Britain because we don't believe that certain men are inherently superior to other men and therefore should rule over them without the consent of the people they are governing. So the United States was going to be a democracy. It was a radical idea: to found a nation, not on shared blood or ethnicity or culture like all other countries, but on a principle—rule by the people themselves who have equality before the law with respect to certain basic rights. And these rights were given by God.

But at the time when the founders of our nation wrote this, they really didn't mean that all human beings are created equal. Although those in the North might oppose slavery, that didn't mean they thought blacks were equal to whites. Nor did most of them think women were equal to men. They didn't even think all white men should have the vote, but only white men who owned property or paid taxes. Yet once the idea of equality was established as the basis for our democracy, those restrictions increasingly came into question.

Since the Constitution gave the states the power to set voting requirements, a few states gave free black men the right to vote. In New Jersey unmarried and widowed women who owned property could vote. Georgia removed the requirement that men had to own property. In 1790, a year after the Constitution came into effect, free white men born outside the US but who settled here were allowed to become citizens. In 1791, the new state of Vermont gave the vote to all men regardless of color or whether they owned property or not. The next year Kentucky did the same, though in short order that right was taken away from blacks.

Year by year, we see the restrictions on who could vote removed. In the 1828 presidential election, non-property-owning white men could legally vote in the vast majority of states. And in that same year, Maryland became the last state to drop its religious restrictions and let Jews vote.

There was pushback. In 1807 New Jersey took the right to vote away from free black men and women. In 1837 Pennsylvania took voting rights away from free black men. But in 1848 Mexicans living in US territories were declared citizens.

Things changed after the Civil War, of course. In 1868 all male persons born or naturalized in the US were guaranteed citizenship in the 14^th Amendment to the Constitution. And in the 15^th Amendment in 1870 states were prevented from denying the right to vote on the basis of “race, color or previous condition of servitude.”

For women, getting the right to vote took longer. In 1869, Wyoming gave equal rights to women. In 1883, women in the Washington Territory got the right to vote, only to lose it in 1887, as did women in Utah. It wasn't until 1920 that the 19^th Amendment gave women the right to vote. But not all women. Most black women were effectively blocked from exercising their right until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Native Americans were finally granted citizenship in 1924. In 1943 Chinese immigrants were finally allowed to gain citizenship and the right to vote. In 1952, all Asian Americans were given the vote.

Why did I just throw all these dates at you? To show that just because something is on paper and everyone agrees to it, it doesn't mean it automatically becomes a reality. And to show that ideas can grow. From the beginning there were Americans who took the declaration that “all men are created equal” seriously but not literally. They understood the word “men” to mean human beings in general and not just rich white males. In the same way, when Jesus told the disciples he would make them “fishers of men” he didn't mean that the gospel wasn't meant for women and children as well. (Matthew 4:19) When in the gospel of John we read about Christ that “In him was life, and the life was the light of men,” (John 1:4) or when Jesus said “And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to me,” (John 12:32) he was not excluding anyone. On the other hand, if equality was restricted only to white male property-owners, the Declaration should have been specific. I think the drafters of the Declaration didn't word it that way because deep-down they realized that did not sound noble nor was it a good reason to start a new country. Inequality was already the ruling principle everywhere else in the world.

But why am I talking about this in a sermon? Because, while people are debating today whether Christian principles underlie the founding of this country or not, this is one idea that I think did come from the Bible. People may object and say, no, this idea came from the Enlightenment, when people put reason above religion as the basis of all things. Yet it is the Enlightenment that gave us so-called “scientific racism,” the rationalization that the differences in humans made it okay to enslave non-white persons because they were so evidently inferior to whites. Taxonomists, naturalists and philosophers in the 1700s and 1800s treated different human races as if they were different species. The Enlightenment was anything but enlightened when it came to this subject.

However, the Bible starts out by saying that God created human beings, both male and female, in his image. (Genesis 1:27) Inequality is the result of the fall of human beings into sin. (Genesis 3:16-17) But in Christ all things are to be restored. (Acts 3:19-21) Which is why Paul says, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female—for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.” (Galatians 3:28)

I cannot think of any other basis you can use to assert that all human beings should be treated as equals. Not only did the Enlightenment thinkers not come to that conclusion, you cannot justify it with science. Lots of non-human species have dominance hierarchies that establish who has priority when it comes to food, mates and resting spots. Chickens have a literal pecking order, as do wolves. In mandrills, there is one single undisputed individual monkey who rules the group as a despot. In elephants and hyenas, females have leadership and dominance. You may remember the chilling episode of the documentary series Meerkat Manor, in which the matriarch, the only one allowed to breed, discovered a daughter of hers had mated with a male from another group and so she killed all the babies, her grandchildren. Our closest biological relatives, the chimpanzees, have a highly-structured dominance hierarchy. So on what scientific basis could you argue that all human beings have a right to be treated as equals?

Ah, you may say, but doesn't the Bible justify slavery? As we saw in last week's sermon, the Bible may acknowledge slavery exists but it does not endorse it. There are a number of verses that do things like tell slaves to take advantage of opportunities to gain their freedom (1 Corinthians 7:21) and that warn masters to treat their slaves fairly because we all have a master in heaven who does not show favoritism. (Ephesians 6:9) Plus there is a whole book in which Paul is trying to get a church leader to free a runaway slave. (Philemon) And you can hardly ignore the central story of the Hebrew Bible, namely, God freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. Indeed, so pervasive is the theme of freedom in the Bible that slave-owners would only allow their slaves to hear a specially edited version of it. They removed more than 90% of the Old Testament and more than 50% of the New Testament. That's a strange thing to do if the book were truly pro-slavery, but it makes total sense if you don't want people to think of God as a liberator.

Speaking of special versions of the Bible, one of the reasons for the creation of the King James Bible was to counter the Geneva Bible which had footnotes that often referred to monarchs as tyrants. Ben Franklin was inspired by the frontispiece of the Geneva Bible to create a proposed design for the Great Seal of the United States. His seal said, “Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God.”

And when the people of Israel ask Samuel for a king, which was a rejection of God as their king, God permits this but tells Samuel to spell out what giving one human being such power will lead to. (1 Samuel 8:10-18) He says a king will take your best fields and vineyards; he will enrich his friends; he will demand a portion of what you produce. In Deuteronomy, God anticipates Israel having a king and says that the king may not accumulate horses for himself, which represent military power, nor marry many wives, nor accumulate a lot of silver and gold. He must make himself a copy of God's law and read it continuously and obey it. “Then he will not exalt himself above his fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left...” (Deuteronomy 17:14-20) So even the king is not above the law nor is he superior to his fellow citizens.

I agree with historians that the founders of our nation did not explicitly make this nation Christian. They saw the corruption that happened when the church was an arm of the government and simply blessed whatever those in power did and said. James Madison put the separation of church and state in the very first Amendment: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...” In other words, the government is not to force religion on anyone or prevent people from practicing their religions. Freedom of conscience is vital to a democracy.

But I do think the founders just assumed that basic Christian morality would help keep the Constitution operating. As we have seen, a lot of the Constitution is based on certain unenforceable norms being observed. Like the Bible, the Constitution lays out how people should act but it can't make people actually obey it. In our passage from Romans Paul is showing how the mere existence of God's law can't stop sin. “For I delight in the law of God in my inmost self, but I see in my members another law at war with the law of my mind, making me captive to the law of sin that dwells in my members.” And we see Christians who say they honor the Bible while violating its principles, the way we see Americans who say they honor the Constitution while ignoring what it says.

What did the founders mean when they said all men are created equal? They couldn't have meant we are all equal in our talents and abilities. We aren't. What they meant is that we should all be equal in the eyes of the law, based on certain inherent rights. And they said those rights are given by our Creator. Which assumes that we are all of equal value in God's eyes, despite any differences. However, they didn't follow those “self-evident” truths to their logical conclusion. But subsequent generations did. They expanded on the narrow definition of equality the founding fathers had. They saw that, as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr said, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” The minute someone says, “The rules don't apply to you,” that exception can be used to exclude anyone. And tyrants will always expand that exception.

The truths that our faith is built on are that God created everyone in his image and that Jesus died for everyone, whether they know it or not. So everyone you meet is either a brother or sister in Christ, or a potential brother or sister in Christ. Which is why we are to love everyone, without exception, and to treat everyone fairly. Because as Peter said, God does not show favoritism with people. (Acts 10:34) And neither should we.

Gotta Serve Somebody

The scriptures referred to are Romans 6:12-23.

Dr. Gregory Aldrete, a professor of history, is skeptical of people who believe in reincarnation and claim to remember past lives. Because most of them remember being kings or queens or other powerful and famous people. But statistically, they should remember being an endless succession of farmers because throughout most of history that is what 90% of people were. And if you lived during the time of the New Testament, there was a 10 to 20% chance you would be a slave. You could have been captured in a war, born to a mother who was a slave (regardless of whether your father was), or you could have been abandoned on the side of the road by parents who couldn't afford to keep you and then picked up by someone who raised you as a slave. No one race was specifically held as slaves, though people usually preferred to enslave ethnic groups other than their own. Wealthy Romans especially liked to have a Greek slave as tutor for their sons or as their personal physician. It showed you had exceptional taste.

My point is that slavery was so common that Paul seized upon it as a metaphor in our passage from Romans. He would agree with Bob Dylan's song Gotta Serve Somebody. Nobody is truly free from having to work for someone else. CEOs of big companies have got to meet or beat the expectations of the stock market and investors in their quarterly earnings or they can be voted out by the company's board of directors, as Steve Jobs once was by Apple. For the last several centuries kings have not been free to do whatever they want, because to fight wars they need the support of nobles for the soldiers and of parliament for the money. King John did not sign the Magna Carta willingly. Not wanting a king, the drafters of our Constitution explicitly state in Article 2, Section 3 that the president is to see that the laws passed by Congress are “faithfully executed.” That is why it is called the executive branch. The Office of the President doesn't legislate or make laws; it executes them, carrying them out just as Congress says.

Paul is saying that on a personal level we all start out as slaves of our bodies and our basic human nature. We act to fulfill our needs, of course, but also to satisfy our desires, not all of which are good for us. Businesses know this and cater to our desires to buy things that have no practical value but offer novelty, or to experience things that thrill us or give us various kinds of pleasure. Today's companies, using what we've learned about addiction, design products and services that trigger dopamine, the craving chemical, in our brains. They sell us foods not found in nature but which have been formulated to have the right balance of sugar, salt and fats so that we cannot stop munching on them. I dare you to eat just one Oreo or Dorito chip. They engineer video games that keep us playing level after level. They create videos that keep us watching one after another. They even present the news in a way to frighten or enrage us and thus keep us engaged.

In Paul's day, people who ran businesses, cults or nations may not have had the science or technology we do but they knew that if you really wanted to entice people, you played to their desires and stirred up their emotions. So going to the city of Corinth was like going to Vegas. Corinth even had a temple to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, with a daily procession of temple prostitutes whose sandals were embossed with Greek letters so their footprints said “Follow me.” Emperors knew that they could distract people from the problems the government wasn't solving by offering them bread and circuses. They sponsored gladiatorial games so you could watch men fight animals or other men to the death. They flooded the Colosseum with water and staged mock naval battles.

The houses of the wealthy had man caves called androns where the men drank with their friends and brought in entertainers to provide music, jokes and acrobatics. The women in the family were prohibited from entering the andron but prostitutes were invited. For that matter, the men of the household were free to have sex with any of their slaves, whether female or male.

Paul knew, therefore, that the idea of being a slave was repugnant, which is probably why he apologizes for “speaking in human terms.” (v. 19) But his point is that human beings are always ruled by something or someone. Rather than letting ourselves act at the whim of sinful desires, he says it is better to be ruled by the God revealed in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. After all, we were created by God in his image to rule the earth as his vice-regents. (Genesis 1:27-28) But we decided that we knew how to do it better than God and disregarded his rules. We wanted to be like God, not in terms of his morality, love and fairness but in terms of his power. Figuring that knowledge is power, we learned prematurely how his good gifts could be turned to evil purposes (Genesis 3:1-7) and we ruined the world with evil schemes and violence. (Genesis 6:5, 11-12) In seeking to be masters of the world, we found ourselves instead to be trapped under the rule of thousands of petty tyrants and enslaved to our worst desires.

The word “redeem” means literally “to buy back or ransom.” In the Old Testament, when a person sold himself into slavery to repay a debt, a kinsman could redeem or buy him out of slavery. (Leviticus 25:47-49) Paul uses the imagery of Jesus redeeming us. (Galatians 3:13; Titus 2:14) So we are no longer enslaved to self-destructive sins that will lead to death but we belong to God in Christ which leads to eternal life.

Still we bristle at the idea of being anyone's slave, even God's. We want to be our own masters. And what do we do when left to our own devices? Today we literally turn to our devices and let our phones take over our free time, as they try to sell us other people's merchandise, other people's ideas and propaganda, or sell our personal information to those who will use it against us. Or we go to places where we pay to ingest addictive substances like alcohol or drugs, or indulge in addictive activities like gambling or thrill seeking. We pay others to cook for us, or show us multi-million dollar movies, or let us watch millionaire athletes play games. We even let AI think for us. And we wonder why we increasingly feel our lives are empty, meaningless and without purpose.

One thing we are no longer doing as much is helping others. According to the Gallup Poll, charitable giving has dropped from 87% of Americans in 2001 to 76% in 2025. Only 17% of Americans are giving blood today as opposed to 21% who did so in 2001. The percentage of Americans who are volunteering has risen from 56% during the pandemic to 63% today, but that's still 2 points lower than 10 years ago. (One word of caution: these are self-reported figures. People might be exaggerating to the pollsters to make themselves look more generous with their time and money.) Yet science tells us that giving to others makes us happier than getting things for ourselves. Which means it took us 2000 years to confirm what Paul tells the church in Ephesus: “In everything I did, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words the Lord Jesus himself said, 'It is more blessed to give than to receive.'” (Acts 20:35) How does it do that? When we serve Jesus through serving others, it blesses us by giving our lives meaning and purpose. (Matthew 25:40)

God gives each of us gifts in the form of talents and an ability to develop certain skills which we can use to serve him. And using those talents and honing those skills usually gives us satisfaction. Sharing them with others makes us feel needed and gives us a feeling of belonging. This is not like being a slave who is simply assigned a task and expected to do it whether they have an aptitude for it or not. Slavery to sin, just like any addiction, diminishes us as a person. You are reduced to that one thing. But serving Jesus lets you be more yourself, the unique and whole person God created you to be.

But what about the people who were actually enslaved to other human beings? Some people fault Paul for not calling for the abolition of slavery. That's possibly because, like the American South, Rome would rather fight wars than end slavery. Slave revolts were not uncommon and Rome put those rebellions down brutally. The most famous was when gladiator Spartacus led a revolt of 70,000 slaves in 73 BC. They were able to defeat Roman armies again and again in the Third Servile War. But when Rome finally defeated Spartacus in 71 BC, they crucified the 6000 surviving fighters along 100 miles of the Appian Way. The cross was primarily a punishment for slaves and rebels.

Paul did say, however, that if a slave could get his freedom, he should do so. (1 Corinthians 7:21) He told slave-owners to treat their slaves fairly and not to threaten them “because you know that both you and they have the same master in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him.” (Ephesians 6:9) He wrote to a church leader named Philemon whose runaway slave had become a Christian and was helping Paul. Though legally Paul had to return the slave, Paul asked Philemon to treat the slave, Onesimus, as if he were Paul himself, and said he was receiving him back not as a slave but as a brother. Paul strongly hinted that Philemon should free Onesimus so he could continue to help in Paul's ministry. And he must have because he let the letter be circulated.

Famously Paul said, “For in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith. For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female—for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.” (Galatians 3:26-28) We are all equal in God's eyes, regardless of external distinctions.

Then Paul goes on to say, “And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's descendants, heirs according to the promise.” (Galatians 3:29) He goes on to explain that “the heir, as long as he is a minor, is no different than a slave, though he is the owner of everything.” (Galatians 4:1) When you are a child you are not free to do as you please. You have to wait until you reach maturity. Paul then says, “But when the appropriate time had come, God sent out his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might be adopted as sons with full rights. And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls, 'Abba! Father!' So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are a son, then you are also an heir through God.” (Galatians 4:4-7) Being a slave of God is a temporary state, like being a minor. You are to grow spiritually so that you become a mature Christian.

And we see this with Jesus and his disciples. They called him Master and did what he told them to do. But on the night before he was crucified, he said to them, “I no longer call you slaves, because the slave does not understand what his master is doing. But I have called you friends, because I have revealed to you everything I heard from my Father.” (John 15:15) They had learned all they needed to act as friends of Jesus, carrying out his wishes out of love and not merely because he was their master. In a sense, though, he was still their master, the way Queen Camilla is both King Charles' wife and also his subject. But if someone loves you greatly, you want to serve them.

As we said, we all gotta serve someone. And you want it to be someone worthy of being served. The best candidate is Jesus. Because he also knows what it is like to serve someone. In Philippians we are told that Jesus “though he existed in the form of God did not regard equality with God as something to be clung to, but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and sharing in human nature. He humbled himself, by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross.” (Philippians 2:5-8) Jesus said of himself, “For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” (Mark 10:45)

And Jesus gave his disciples an example of his humility and willingness to serve by washing their feet just before the last supper. He did the task of the lowest of slaves, washing the feet of those who had walked all day in the mud and muck of the roads and streets in sandals. He said, “Now that I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also should wash one another's feet. I have set you an example that you should do as I have done for you.” (John 13:14-15) The truly great serve others. (Matthew 20:25-28)

When we say that someone is playing God we mean they're exercising power to decide the fate of others. But if Jesus is the God whom we are imitating, it means serving others by helping them and making them and their lives better. It means being humble and not afraid to get your hands dirty. It means not being a slave to the desires of an unredeemed human nature but growing in the Spirit of Christ, so that one day we will not need laws to tell us how to act because as mature Christians we will just know and do what is right. 

So Good It Hurts

The scriptures referred to are Jeremiah 20:7-13, Psalm 69: 7-18, Romans 6:1b-11 and Matthew 10:24-39.

The nation of Judah was fat and happy. The prophet Jeremiah was not. Called by God when he was quite young, Jeremiah was given the painful job of telling God's people that the judgment for their sins was inevitable. They were going to be conquered by the Babylonian empire and taken into exile, as the Assyrian empire had done to the northern kingdom of Israel nearly 150 years earlier. It was not only an unpopular message that Jeremiah was proclaiming; it was considered unpatriotic. More than that, it was seen as treason to say that God's favorite nation was going to be defeated by people who followed a different god and religion.

Jeremiah's ministry spanned the reigns of 5 kings, beginning in the middle of the reign of Josiah, Judah's last righteous king. But those who followed Josiah, including his sons, did evil. And the people imitated their leaders. They thought they were safe because they had the temple of the Lord in their midst. But they were just going through the motions in their worship. Their faith in God wasn't evident in how they acted towards their fellow human beings. Jeremiah says, “You must change the way you have been living and do what is right. You must treat one another fairly. Stop oppressing foreigners who live in your land, children who have lost their fathers, and women who have lost their husbands. Stop killing innocent people in this land. Stop paying allegiance to other gods. They will only bring you ruin. If you stop doing these things, I will allow you to continue to live in this land which I gave to your ancestors as a lasting possession. But just look at you! You are putting your confidence in a false belief that will not deliver you. You steal. You murder. You commit adultery. You lie when you swear on oath. You sacrifice to Baal. You pay allegiance to other gods whom you have not previously known. Then you come and stand in my presence in this temple I have claimed as my own and say, 'We are safe!' You think you are so safe that you go on doing all those hateful sins.” (Jeremiah 7:5-10, NET) If you disobey the commandment to love God, you will end up violating the commandment to love your neighbor, who was created in God's image. That's why Jesus connected the two. (Matthew 22:36-40; Luke 10:29-37)

The people of Judah, and especially the political and religious leaders, did not want to hear Jeremiah's criticism of them. Immediately preceding today's passage from Jeremiah, he has been beaten and put in the stocks by the priest Pashur. And when released, Jeremiah tells this false prophet of a priest that he and his wealthy friends will all be taken into exile in Babylon where they will die. Then we get to today's reading.

Jeremiah says that God has enticed him into his ministry. The Hebrew word could be translated “deceived.” He feels that way because he did not want to tell the people this message of doom and gloom. Nobody wants to hear that the way they choose to live will end up in violence and destruction. This message has cost him friends. It has made him a laughingstock. And yet he cannot be silent. He must tell the truth.

Jeremiah's only hope is in God. He will protect him. His enemies will not escape judgment and shame. Jeremiah knows who God really is. He may “test the righteous” to reveal what is in their hearts and minds but in the end he delivers “the life of the needy from the hands of evildoers.”

Our psalm echoes our passage from Jeremiah. One difference is that while the writer, possibly a king of Judah, is also harassed by enemies, he realizes that he has had a hand in his predicament. Just before our selection begins he says, “O God, you know about my foolishness, and my guilt is not hidden from you.” (Psalm 69:5) He knows he has screwed up. Possibly that is what gave his enemies their opportunity to attack him. He is also conscious of the fact that his foolishness and guilt may impact others who do not deserve it. “Do not let those who hope in you be put to shame because of me, O Lord God of hosts; do not let those who seek you be dishonored because of me, O God of Israel.” (Psalm 69:6-7) Even if we follow God, we must be honest with ourselves and with him. Our misdeeds can cause those who hope in and seek God to doubt and stumble.

So the mire that the psalmist is sinking into might be of his own making, at least in part. It has given an opening to “those who hate me without reason...my enemies without cause...” (Psalm 69:4) But all is not lost. He prays, “In your great mercy, O God, answer me with your unfailing help...Answer me, O Lord, for your love is kind; in your great compassion, turn to me.” The self-righteous think they deserve God's help. The truly righteous know that they don't. They are not perfect and so they put their hope in God's mercy, love and compassion. And, sure enough, God doesn't wait until we have achieved perfection before he responds to us. He is more interested in the direction in which we are moving. Even if we have only just turned from our sin and turned to him, he will respond. We see this when the criminal crucified next to Jesus said that while he and his fellow bandit were guilty, Jesus was innocent. Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” And Jesus said to him, “I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise.” (Luke 23:39-43) This man could not do anything to undo the wrongs he had committed. But he repented and recognized Jesus as the Messiah and king, and Jesus responded with grace and mercy.

Of course, most of us will have the opportunity to change our life to match our confession that Jesus is our king. Preceding our passage from Romans, Paul has just said, “But where sin increased, grace increased all the more.” (Romans 5:20) And Paul anticipates that some troll will say, “Then sin must be a good thing, since it means God will be even more gracious to us in response.” So Paul asks rhetorically, “Should we continue in sin in order that grace may increase?” Now the next phrase in Greek is an interesting one, so much so that our professor in Greek exegesis class let us argue about how to translate it for an entire period. It uses a verb tense we don't have in English. It means something like, “May it turn out in the future to never have happened in the past!” In other words, it is a situation that should never ever have existed. So different translations render it “By no means!” “Of course not!” “Far from it!” “Certainly not!” and in the King James, “God forbid!” Some get closer to the Greek by translating it “May it never be!” I like the version that says, “That's unthinkable!” Today I would be tempted to quote the Princess Bride and say, “Inconceivable!” Back in the 1970's our class decided on the then-current phrase “No way!”

Why did Paul essentially state that it was conceptually impossible for a Christian to continue to sin in order to to experience an increase of God's grace? Because it would be like saying, “Well, now that my doctor is treating me for cancer, I can go back to smoking.” Or “Now that I have received a donor's heart as a transplant I can go back to all the bad habits that fatally damaged my old heart.” Why would you do that? Not only did Jesus die to save us, but when we are baptized, we undergo the death of our old life. And just as Jesus was resurrected, so we receive new life in him. It's like your old sinful identity was declared dead and you have been given a new life and a new identity. Having been pardoned, why would you do something so foolish and self-destructive as repeat the mistakes that got you into the mess in the first place? Why throw away your new life?

Of course, leaving those old habits is hard. And it will especially be hard when you get persecuted for changing your ways and telling others they can too. Following on from last week, our passage from Matthew continues the instructions Jesus is giving to the twelve before sending them out to teach, preach and heal. Like Jeremiah, he knows he has stirred up opposition; in his case, because he doesn't observe all the rituals his critics do and because he prioritizes people over what the Pharisees see as the proper procedures for doing things. They think people who need healing can suffer an extra 24 hours before being cured if it is the Sabbath. (Matthew 12:9-14) And that Jesus' disciples can go hungry rather than pick a few grains of wheat on the Sabbath. (Matthew 12:1-8) For them, it is not enough to wash one's hands before a meal; you must do it in the ritual manner they practice. (Mark 7:1-8) And don't even get started on the fact that Jesus eats and drinks with tax collectors and sinners! (Matthew 9:9-13) Finally, his opponents conclude that the only way a person such as Jesus could possibly perform his healings is with the help of the devil. The fact that they can see what is so obviously God's Spirit at work and yet characterize it as demonic shows that they will never open themselves to that same Holy Spirit and seek forgiveness for not seeing God active in Jesus. The result is that they have effectively rendered themselves unforgivable. (Matthew 12:24-32)

So these rigidly legalistic religious leaders are going to be a problem, as they were for Jeremiah. Jesus says not to fear them. Their secrets will come out. Besides, the worst they can do is threaten you physically. They cannot kill you spiritually. Jesus will acknowledge those who follow him before God. He is the one who ultimately has the final word on what happens to our souls and our bodies. And, by the way, we will be resurrected, body and soul, on the last day. Like Jeremiah and the psalmist, when under assault, we must put our trust in God's mercy, love and compassion.

The things Jesus says next trouble us if we take them at face value. He says, “Do not think that I have come to bring peace to earth; I have not come to bring peace but a sword.” But wait! Didn't he just tell his disciples to let their peace come to the households who welcomed them? (Matthew 10:13) Didn't he say to his disciples before his arrest, “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you.” (John 14:27) Didn't he also say to Peter, when he was trying to save Jesus from arrest, “Put your sword back in its place! For all who take hold of the sword will die by the sword!”? (Matthew 26:52) How could he say he didn't come to bring peace?

Jesus is not talking about his intentions but about the effect he will have on a world that does not want peace. A lot of people, especially those with power, only want peace on their own terms, that is, the total submission of those who disagree with them. After all, Jesus was executed in order to keep the peace. Jesus' opponents said, “If we allow him to go on in this way, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and take away our sanctuary and our nation.” (John 11:48) To which the high priest Caiaphas replied, “Don't you realize that it is more to your advantage to have one man die for the people than for the whole nation to perish?” (John 11:50) That same impulse drove men to assassinate proponents of peaceful change like Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi. Jeremiah condemned those who cried, “'Peace, peace,' when there is no peace.” (Jeremiah 6:14) Remember: the firearms maker of the Colt .45 army revolver gave it the nickname “the Peacemaker.” The only peace it offered was the peace of the grave.

Jesus then gives us a rough quote from Micah 7:6 about how his good news will even divide families and says “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.” Does Jesus want us to stop loving our families? No, he is not saying that we should love them less, only that we should love him more. We must not subordinate his justice, truth or mercy to anything or anyone else. After all, Ma Barker loved her boys more than she did the lives of those they killed. Some parents will send their children out of the country to keep them from facing justice for rape or murder. On the other hand, when men go to war, their wives and families wish they wouldn't. But they feel their love of their country comes first. Jesus is asking for us to give him the highest priority in our life.

Jesus then says, “...and whoever does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. Those who find their life will lose it, and those who lose their life for my sake will find it.” In the military they say, “Thinking you won't die is what gets you killed.” There are those who think they will save their lives by surrendering to the will of those who do evil. Many who devoted themselves to Hitler were slaughtered under his orders when he cleaned house in the “Night of the Long Knives.” Evil leaders willingly sacrifice their followers to save themselves. But only Jesus sacrificed himself to save his followers. And, carrying our cross, we may also find ourselves facing evil and possibly death. Paul says, “But if we died with Christ, we believe we will also live with him.” Jesus said, “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies.” (John 11:25) In that loving promise, and in the one who made it and rose again, we put our hope.

True Kingship

The scriptures referred to are Romans 5:1-8 and Matthew 9:35-10:23.

You couldn't get a more succinct summary of Jesus' ministry than the first line of our reading from Matthew: “Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom, and curing every disease and every sickness.” In other words, he was a teacher, a preacher and a healer.

You may ask “What is the difference between teaching and preaching?” Teaching is primarily about imparting information, showing someone how to find more information and helping them understand and use that information. Preaching is about advocating for specific beliefs, certain moral behaviors, and/or a way of living based on those beliefs and behaviors. Jesus preached on all three. What connected his preaching, teaching and healing was the kingdom of God.

The English word “kingdom” doesn't really encompass all the meanings of the Greek word basileia. It can mean the territory a sovereign governs. The United Kingdom includes England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. But basileia can also mean a king's reign or rule. Charles the Third of Great Britain began his reign on September 8, 2022. He also is Head of the Commonwealth which comprises 56 nations. Though today that is largely symbolic, at one time the English monarch did rule an empire that encircled the globe. During their reign, and wherever they reigned, and over whomever they reigned, the monarch's will was carried out.

The kingdom of God that Jesus preached was not a physical piece of territory, though many who heard him thought of it that way. They thought that, as a descendant of David, he would reconquer Judea, Samaria and Galilee, kick the Romans out and rule as David did, a holy warrior-king. But Jesus did not teach that. He said, “The kingdom of God is within you.” (Luke 17:21) Or it could be better translated, “The kingdom of God is in the midst of you,” since the “you” in Greek is plural. The kingdom of God exists in the hearts, minds and lives of the community of those who trust and obey the God revealed in Jesus. It's what Paul called the body of Christ. That is where God reigns or rules and his will is done on earth as in heaven.

When Jesus teaches what the kingdom of God is like, he uses parables to illustrate how it affects people and how they respond to it. He says it is like the soil where a sower spreads his seeds. The kingdom can be snatched away or wither or get choked in the wrong soil. In the right soil it grows and multiplies. (Matthew 13:3-8, 18-23) As a community on earth, the fact is that the kingdom is like a field where weeds were sown by an enemy amid wheat, so both will grow together until the harvest when they will be separated. (Matthew 13:24-30, 36-43) Or a net which catches all kinds of fish, which are later sorted. (Matthew 13:47-50) The kingdom of God is like a small seed or a pinch of yeast, which then causes growth and abundance. (Matthew 13:31-33) It is a kingdom where God is gracious and generous to all who respond to him. (Matthew 20:1-16)

The kingdom of God is also evident in how those ruled by God act. It is a kingdom where mercy is shown to the merciful. (Matthew 18:23-34; cf. 5:7) It is a kingdom in which what you do is more important than what you say you'll do. (Matthew 21:28-32) It is a kingdom where everyone uses the gifts and talents God gave them, however large or small, to serve him. (Matthew 21:33-44) It is like a wedding banquet open to all who actually respond to God's invitation. (Matthew 22:2-14; cf. Luke 14:16-24) The kingdom is given to those who served Jesus by serving the hungry, the thirsty, the foreigner, the naked, the sick and the imprisoned. (Matthew 25:31-46)

So the kingdom of God is not located in a place but in a people. And it is not characterized by folks who lord their authority over others but by those who serve others, as Jesus came not to be served but to serve and even to give his life self-sacrificially. (Matthew 20:25-28) Because a king's reign reveals his character. Does he reign to benefit himself or his subjects?

And, sure enough, Jesus did not demonstrate his kingship by oppressing others but by freeing them from disease, death and the demons that bedeviled them. He didn't bring people into God's kingdom by threatening to harm them but by offering to heal them. He didn't persuade them by merely making them promises but by actually making them healthy and whole.

And he sent out his followers to do the same. They weren't to conquer people in his name but to cure people through the power of his name. He did not send them out as predators but as sheep into the midst of wolves. He wanted them to be thoughtful but not harmful. Because harm is what evil brings. Evil is deliberately destructive; good concentrates on being constructive. Evil intentionally makes things worse for some to benefit a few; good seeks to make things better for everyone. As his disciples, we are to be agents of healing and help. The world has quite enough people doing the opposite.

And his disciples were to do this relying only on God. They were supposed to travel light: no money, no luggage, no extra clothes or sandals, no staff that could be used as a weapon. They were to trust God for whatever they needed. They were to trust him to put trustworthy people in their path, who would put them up and feed them. If people rejected them, they were to simply move on and let God deal with them.

People who follow Jesus will meet opposition. Because proclaiming that God is the ultimate authority means the local or national rulers are not. Some of that opposition will even come from people who supposedly share the same religion as Jesus' followers because they do not actually recognize the God of love, justice and mercy revealed in Jesus. Even today we have people who identify as Christians who, upon hearing Christ's own words, consider them weak and woke. Others see him as too rigid and harsh about things that have become acceptable to modern society. All applaud him where he says something they like and ignore him where he says something they don't like. It's not called the good news because it's what we want to hear but because it's what we need to hear if we wish to become spiritually healthy.

Today we live in a world that is in many ways safer than it was in Jesus' day. Poverty rates around the world have gone down significantly over the last several decades. Death rates for major chronic and infectious diseases have plummeted, as well as deaths from disasters. Overdose deaths have also declined recently. And a lot of that progress is due to the fact that the values that Jesus preached have become accepted as the basic values of modern civilizations, as historian Tom Holland points out. We have charities and non-profits which, even if not Christian, help the hungry, the thirsty, the resident alien, the sick, the imprisoned and the oppressed. In many of the world's governments there are departments that help the poor and work to make society more just and fair.

And yet in every state of the U.S preventable deaths are rising, according to a study by the Brown University School of Public Health. We are talking about things like illnesses preventable by vaccines, treatable conditions like sepsis and appendicitis, and conditions that can be prevented by early detection and treatment like certain cancers, heart disease and tuberculosis. These are increasing and it's not because of lack of money spent. The U.S. spends more per capita on healthcare than any other high income nation. We are not getting the biggest bang for our buck because our healthcare system is largely for profit. What your doctor prescribes for you in terms of medication, surgery or treatments can be vetoed by your insurance company so that they can keep the money you pay them in premiums. That is, if you have insurance. Around 27 million Americans do not have health insurance. The vast majority of these are adults in working, low-income families.

All the other nations in the study use one of 5 different systems to cover their whole populations. Not all are provided by their governments, but in all of them, insurance companies are non-profit. And as we see in our gospel reading, when Jesus sent his disciples out to heal others, he did not want them to be in it for the money. (Matthew 10:8) Yet our healthcare system has gone as far as possible in the opposite direction. The majority of bankruptcies in this country—66.5%—are for medical debt. Does that make sense in a nation that considers itself Christian?

I think one of the problems is that people in this country have forgotten why these diseases and causes of death once went down: because once we shared the belief that we should help one another, including the poor, the sick and the stranger, something Jesus taught. Now we are much more concerned with trying to weed out everyone we feel does not deserve to be helped, in contradiction to what Jesus said. (Matthew 5:42) We have forgotten the fact that we are saved, not because we deserve it, but because of God's grace, his undeserved, unreserved goodness towards us. And we have forgotten that we are to extend that grace to others.

Jesus taught people the characteristics of God's kingdom, preached the good news that in him the kingdom had come near, and healed all who came to him as evidence of the reign of the God who is love. He commissioned his disciples, his students, to go and do the same. Are we spreading the reign of his kingdom in those ways or are we trying to seize the reins of power for ourselves? Are we motivated by selfish ambitions so that we do not care if others get harmed by what we do? Do we only care about ourselves and to hell with those we don't know or love? (Matthew 5:46-48) Or are we like Jesus, who, “when he saw the crowds, he had compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd”?

Jesus saw people suffering from disease and he did not stop to argue about if they were to blame or not. (John 9:1-7) Instead he was moved to heal them. Jesus saw a world of people suffering from sin and he did not condemn us to suffer the consequences of our destructive and self-destructive thoughts, words and actions. (John 3:17) Instead he gave his life to save us from spiritual sickness and eternal death. Looking at the world today, what would Jesus do? And if we are Christ's body on earth, and if he reigns in our hearts, minds and lives, what should we do?

A Faith Observed

The scriptures referred to are Hosea 5:15-6:6, Psalm 50:7-15, Romans 4:13-25 and Matthew 9:9-13. 18-26.

“You see but you do not observe. The distinction is clear.” It's one of the most famous quotations of Sherlock Holmes. Holmes pays close attention to things like the state of a person's hat or shoes to deduce less obvious things about people, like the state of their marriage or the clumsiness of their servant. One time Holmes watches Watson for a few minutes and tells him accurately what his friend's train of thought was. But Holmes cannot really read minds. Like all of us, he looks at external things and tries to work out what is going on inside the heads of others. He may be better at interpreting those clues than even a doctor like Watson but not always. He even tells Watson that if he ever gets over confident in his powers, to keep him humble Watson should whisper the word “Norbury” in his ear to remind him of a case where Holmes was completely wrong.

One of the problems with social media is that it is largely visual and people can mislead you on the real state of their lives by posting pictures of them having fun when they are actually depressed, or looking affectionate with their spouse when their relationship is in trouble, or seemingly living in luxury when they really aren't. Instagram influencers have been known to rent a fancy house for a weekend so they can take lots of pictures of them lounging at a pool, cooking in a dream kitchen or showing off an enormous and beautifully decorated living room or bedroom, to appear as if they are wealthy or are at an expensive resort. As any magician knows, it is very easy to fool the eyes.

But God is not fooled. He does not judge by appearance but looks at the heart of the person. (1 Samuel 16:7) As we see in our Old Testament readings, God is not impressed by empty acts of piety. In Hosea he says, “For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.” In Psalm 50, he says, “Do you think I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving and make good your vows to the Most High.” And yet even today people think that all they have to do is speak certain words and do certain rituals, and they can get God on their side. This allows them to justify doing terrible things in God's name and feel that they are doing his will. Or that they can willfully sin one day and go through some act of penance or mumble some prayer the next day and God will forgive them...until the next time they deliberately do something they know they shouldn't.

In the book of Hosea the prophet uses the example of his own marriage to a prostitute to illustrate how the people of Israel have been unfaithful to God. They go through the motions but they are careless as to whether they are sacrificing to God or to Baal, the Canaanite god. (Hosea 2:13; 8:11) They ignore God's law. (Hosea 8:12) The prophet says, “Hear the word of the Lord, you Israelites! For the Lord has a covenant lawsuit against the people of Israel. For there is neither faithfulness nor loyalty in the land, nor do they acknowledge God. There is only cursing, lying, murder, stealing and adultery. They resort to violence and bloodshed.” (Hosea 4:1-2) As usual, ignoring the greatest commandment, to love God, leads to ignoring the second greatest, to love one's neighbor, who, after all, was created in God's image. (Matthew 22:36-40)

Rather than trusting in God and relying on him, the people were trusting in and relying on their godless rulers who made golden idols (Hosea 8:5-6; cf. 1 Kings 12:28-30), the advisers to the rulers who became drunk with wine and with power (Hosea 7:3-5), their military (Hosea 1:4-5) and alliances made through trade (Hosea 7:11). Spiritually, they trusted in false prophets and priests to guide them. (Hosea 4:4-10)

But as Hosea takes back his adulterous wife, God will take back his people if they truly repent and turn back to him and his ways. Hosea's final chapter says, “Return, O Israel, to the Lord your God, for your sin has been your downfall! Take words with you and return to the Lord. Say to him: 'Forgive all our sins and receive us graciously, that we may offer the fruit of our lips. Assyria cannot save us; we will not ride warhorses. We will never again say, “our gods” to what our own hands have made. For in you the fatherless find compassion.'” And God replies, 'I will heal their waywardness and love them freely, for my anger has turned away from them.'” (Hosea 14:1-4)

God is always willing to forgive us if we truly repent. Unlike what some think, God's desire is not for sinners to burn in hell but for sinners to turn to him. (Ezekiel 33:11) A doctor doesn't want the sick to die but to get better. But they can't do that if their patients don't change the unhealthy way they live and follow doctor's orders. And God can't save those who won't let him. God is love and love requires the consent of the beloved.

A word that pops up 6 times in Hosea and 248 times in the entire Old Testament is the Hebrew word khesed. It is variously translated as kindness, mercy, steadfast love, loyalty, faithfulness and goodness. It is what God pledges to show to his people and what he expects from them in return. (Hosea 2:19; 12:6) It is the word used in the last verse of our reading from Hosea: “For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings.” (Hosea 6:6) This steadfast love and knowledge of God are intimately connected. As it says in Jeremiah, “For my people are foolish. They do not know me. They are like children who have no sense. They have no understanding. They are skilled at doing evil. They do not know how to do good.” (Jeremiah 4:22) To know God is to know his goodness, his kindness, his mercy, his steadfast love and faithfulness and to reciprocate and mirror his nature, the way children imitate their parents.

Of course, children have to learn to trust their parents. Some human parents prove themselves to be untrustworthy and that can damage their kids' ability to trust others. If they have learned not to trust their parents or other authority figures, they will often have trouble trusting God. However, most people, if they have a bad experience with a doctor, will not give up on all doctors but seek out a good one. But all too often those who have a bad experience in a church or with church leaders will lose their faith in God. As Jesus said, “But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a huge millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.” (Matthew 18:6) That's why those who teach the gospel, and are seen as representatives of God, are held to a higher standard. (James 3:1) When they stumble, they can destroy the faith of others.

The foundation of any healthy relationship is trust. And I think “trust” is a better rendering of the Greek word pistis, which is translated “faith” in our passages from Romans and Matthew. The same is true of the Hebrew word aman in Genesis 15:6. When you use the word “trust” the question naturally arises “Trust in what or in whom?” And it is trust in God that is the channel through which we receive salvation. That is why God took Abraham's trust in him as righteousness. Because pistis means not only “faith” but “faithfulness.” It means not only trusting God to do his part but him being able to trust you to do yours. If you truly trust God, you will do as he says, in the same way that you do if you trust your doctor. As a nurse I have seen patients who put themselves in their doctor's care and then did things that went against their doctor's orders, like smoke when they were being treated for emphysema or drink when their doctor was treating them for cirrhosis of the liver. It looks like they didn't really believe their doctor. And you can't save someone who is working against you. Neither can God.

A healthy relationship with God begins with trust. Abraham trusted God and believed his promises. He believed God's promise to give him a son and heir, even though he and his wife were so old it seemed impossible. He believed God's promise to give him a multitude of descendants, though that did not happen in his lifetime. Abraham believed God's promise that through him all the families of earth would be blessed, though he didn't live to see that happen through his descendant Jesus Christ. (Genesis 12:3; John 8:56) Because he trusted God, God was able to work through him.

And it doesn't take an extraordinary amount of faith for God to work in and through you. A man who brought his son to Jesus to be healed says, “If you are able to do anything, have compassion on us and help us.” Then Jesus said to him, “If you are able? All things are possible for the one who trusts.” Immediately the father of the boy cried out, “I do trust; help my lack of trust.” But that small amount of trust in Christ was enough for Jesus to work with and heal his son. (Mark 9:14-27) And in today's gospel, we see that once again, Jesus was able to revive a dead girl because of her father's trust in Jesus' ability to do so. (Matthew 9:18) Similarly, while disappointed that Jesus didn't come sooner, Martha trusts him to raise her brother Lazarus from the dead. (John 11:21-27)

Paul tells us that 500 people saw Jesus after his resurrection. (1 Corinthians 15:3-6) I imagine that, in addition to his family, the disciples, and the seventy he sent out to announce the good news to the towns he was about to visit, the crowd was also made up of those who were healed by him and who responded by trusting and following him. And we are here today because the witness of their faith and their faithfulness convinced others to trust in Jesus and follow him.

Unlike God, we cannot see into the hearts of others and see what they are really like. However Sherlock Holmes, and Dr. Joseph Bell, the medical instructor upon whom Arthur Conan Doyle based his detective, could figure out what a person did for a living by observing their hands, coat sleeves, shirt cuffs, the knees of their pants and their shoes. And we can get clues to what people are like by how they live. Jesus said, “For from within, out of the human heart, come evil ideas, sexual immorality, theft, murders, adultery, greed, malice, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness.” (Mark 7:21-22) These actions are the symptoms of a spiritually sick human heart.

Fortunately, God wants to heal us, as it says in Hosea 6:1. As Jesus says in today's gospel, “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick.” Then he quotes Hosea “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.” Finally, he identifies himself as the Great Physician, stating, “For I have not come to call the righteous but sinners.” That includes all of us, a fact that, ironically, the Pharisees did not see in themselves. As Paul said, “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.” (Romans 3:23-24)

There is hope for us because of what God has done for us through Jesus. Because of his great self-sacrificial love for us demonstrated by his death on the cross, we can trust him. And if we trust him, we will let him work on us and through us by his Spirit, who heals us. It can take time, like someone recovering from surgery and taking physical therapy in order to learn to walk again. Our goal is to learn to walk with God. It won't be easy. Jesus said, “If anyone wants to be my follower, they must deny themselves, take up their cross daily, and follow me.” (Luke 9:23) Remember, Jesus' cross wasn't the weight of his own everyday problems. He carried that cross for us. And our cross is the burden of helping others by doing good and spreading the good news. As Paul said, “Carry one another's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.” (Galatians 6:2)

Appearances can be deceiving but what a person is will eventually and inevitably come out in how they think, speak and act. If we trust in the God who is revealed in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus, and give control of our life to his Holy Spirit, it will be reflected in our lives. But because we do not know the seriousness of the spiritual sickness each person is battling with, we cannot pass judgment on their salvation. (Matthew 7:1-5) But we can judge whether certain actions and words build up or tear down those who are trying to follow Jesus. (Romans 14:19; Ephesians 4:29; 1 Thessalonians 5:11) And we need to see that our words and actions are consistent with our professed trust in Jesus as our Savior and Lord. Because it doesn't take Sherlock Holmes to spot hypocrisy. And you can be sure that the world will judge us on what they observe in our lives. And what they see can attract them to trust and follow Jesus or repel them from him. So when you look at your life, ask yourself this: if being a Christian was made illegal, would there be enough evidence to convict you?

Necessarily Complicated

The scriptures referred to are Genesis 1:1-2:4a.

Every year we clergy are called on to preach on one of the hardest to explain doctrines in Christianity: the Trinity. Not only is it difficult to understand, a lot of people, including some Christians, don't see it as necessary. Worse, they see it as a needlessly complicated idea. God is one being but three persons. Why? What good is the Trinity?

Let's tackle the first question. Why do we have the doctrine of the Trinity? You don't find it in the Old Testament, do you? Well, in our reading from Genesis, it says that in addition to God, the Spirit of God is involved in creation. I must disagree with the NRSV's translation that says “a wind from God swept over the face of the waters.” Yes, the Hebrew word for “spirit” can also mean “wind” or “breath,” depending on context. But I don't know where they got the verb “swept.” The Hebrew word usually means “hover” or “brood,” as in Deuteronomy 32:11 where it is used of an eagle hovering over its young in the nest. The most it means in terms of movement is “flutter” or “tremble,” as Jeremiah describes his bones doing under the weight of the Lord's words. (Jeremiah 23:9) We tend to associate brooding or fluttering with a bird. So the image we get is that of the Spirit of God hovering over creation like a mother bird brooding over her young who are about to hatch. And later at Jesus' baptism the Holy Spirit appears as a dove.

The phrases Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord and Holy Spirit appear about 40 times in the Old Testament. These names usually designate the power or presence of God in folks' lives. The Spirit of the Lord comes upon prophets, enabling them to speak God's word. The Spirit of the Lord came upon the judges who led the Israelites before the time of the monarchy. The Spirit of God comes upon Saul, Israel's first king, and upon David, its second king. And as we saw last week, the apostles were empowered to preach the gospel to a diverse audience at Pentecost by the Spirit. We also saw that every Christian receives the Spirit, who gives us gifts to serve Christ and build up his body on earth.

But couldn't this just be two ways of simply referring to God? Well, if you apply it to a human being, you'll see there is a difference. George Lucas literally created Star Wars. He wrote and directed the first film. And you could say the spirit of George Lucas imbued the next two Star Wars films, even though others wrote the scripts, based on his overarching story, and still others directed the second and third films in the original trilogy. So in the second instance you aren't actually talking about Lucas. You are talking about some essence of his creative vision that was still active in what he started. You are talking about Lucas in two different senses. And the Bible speaks as if God and an aspect of God called his Spirit were somehow both distinct and yet intimately connected.

So people saw God in his creation and its order. And they experienced God's Spirit through the abilities and gifts he gave them. And there is another instance where an aspect of God can be seen as a person. In Proverbs 8, God's wisdom speaks as if it were a distinct person. “From eternity I was appointed, from the beginning, from before the world existed. When there were no deep oceans I was born, when there were no springs overflowing with water; before the mountains were set in place—before the hills—I was born, before he made the earth and its fields, or the beginning of the dust of the world. When he established the heavens, I was there; when he marked out the horizon over the face of the deep, when he established the clouds above, when the fountains of the deep grew strong, when he gave the sea his decree that the waters should not pass over his command, when he marked out the foundations of the earth, then I was beside him as a master craftsman, and I was his delight day by day...” (Proverbs 8:23-30) So the Wisdom of God is also treated as both an aspect of God and yet as a distinct divine person.

This helped the disciples when they encountered in Jesus someone who was more than a mere prophet. Elijah and Elisha performed 24 miracles between the two of them. The gospels tell us of 37 miracles that Jesus performed. Elijah and Elisha healed a handful of people. Jesus healed multitudes. Elijah resurrected one person, and Elisha two. Jesus resurrected three people that we know of. Plus he walked on water. And fed groups of 5000 and 4000. Still, as the Messiah, Jesus could be seen as a super-prophet. Until he rose to life again after being crucified and buried. So when Jesus said that he and God the Father were one and that anyone who had seen him had seen the Father, his resurrection validated that. Would God resurrect a liar who falsely claimed to be divine?

The idea of the Wisdom of God being spoken of as a person in scripture helped the disciples understand how Jesus could be God. And in fact Paul calls Jesus Christ “the power of God and the wisdom of God.” (1 Corinthians 1:24) Jesus is the power and wisdom of God personified.

So the disciples experienced God as the creator of everything. They experienced God as an intelligent power within them who spoke through them and directed them and gave them power to minister to others. And in Jesus they experienced in human form the God who has mastery over nature, demons, diseases and death. So they knew that the Father was God. They knew that the Son was God. They knew that the Spirit was God. And yet they knew there was one God. The Trinity was not an effort to explain how this could be. It was a way of preserving the paradox of who God is.

But what good does it do us? It helps us think about the different ways that we relate to God. Most people see God as transcendent, as far above us in power and wisdom. A lot of people see God as immanent, working in the world and in humanity. But we can also see God in Jesus, who while divine, has lived and died as one of us but who has been raised to life again and who shares that life, his eternal life, with us. So we can think of the Father as God Above us, the Son as God Beside us, and the Spirit as God Within Us.

Or we can express it this way: the Father is our creator, the one who made us in his image. Jesus is our redeemer, the one who is the very image of God and who saves us from the damage we have done to ourselves, each other, and our relationship with God. The Spirit is our sanctifier, the one who restores the image of God in us.

Or we can use the metaphor Dorothy L. Sayers came up with in her book The Mind of the Maker. She compared the persons of the Trinity to the different aspects of the process of creation. All creative work starts with an idea. Then that idea has to be given a form, as, say, a poem, a book, a work of art or a movie. Finally that idea has to be properly communicated in a way that reaches others. Ideally, you have a good idea, that is perfectly realized in some tangible form and which communicates with people and resonates with them. We can think of the Father as the original idea of God as just and merciful, loving and forgiving, the Son as the incarnation of that idea into the medium of a human being, and the Spirit as the communication of that idea to others.

The Trinity helps us understand the fact that we see in God's creation both diversity and unity. All living things have DNA yet that code can manifest itself in different forms of life. We share 98% of our DNA with chimpanzees, 94% of our DNA with dogs, 90% with cats, 80% with cows, 60% with fruit flies and, weirdly, 60% with bananas. We are made of a lot of the same stuff and yet are different. While human beings come in different shapes and shades, all can receive O negative blood, regardless of whether they are O positive, A positive or negative, B positive or negative, or AB positive or negative. We are not alien to each other. There is a shared humanity that underlies our surface differences. This reflects God, in whom there are both distinctions and a shared nature.

And to me, the Trinity makes sense of what we learn in 1 John 4:8, namely, that God is love. It doesn't merely say that God is loving; it says God is love. But true love is not a narcissistic love of oneself but love for another person. For God to be love, there must be more than one person in the Godhead. Therefore, God is the Father loving the Son, who is in turn loving the Father, in the unity of the Spirit of that love. It's a bit like how an intentional group of humans manifests a group personality. Unlike human love, however, the persons of the Triune God are so totally united in love that they act as one.

Which means the image of God in which we are made is love. And we see a hint of that in the 2^nd chapter of Genesis when God says, “It is not good for the man to be alone.” (Genesis 2:18) In other words, we are social creatures. And later it says, “That is why a man leaves his father and mother and unites with his wife and they become one flesh.” (Genesis 2:24) We are most like God when we act together in love, as a couple, as a family, as a community, or in the coming new creation, as the whole of humanity.

Though the word Trinity is not found in the Bible, it is the church's word for the love relationship that lives at the heart of the universe, that gave birth to creation, that shapes who we are, that fulfills all our desires and that invites us into that eternal love. It makes no sense to reject it because we don't understand it. We don't understand how the 3 pounds of meat in our skull gives us consciousness. And yet we use that consciousness to create poems, stories, art and inventions and interact with other consciousnesses. And we can interact with God even if we do not understand how, on the divine level of existence, three persons can be one being. But rest assured that if we do respond to God, we have an eternity to dive deeper in the paradox of the love who made the stars, the worlds and us.